<轉載自2012年8月30日 明報 社評>
內地旅客來港旅遊,有助市面繁榮和促進經濟發展,不過,香港與內地之間仍有明顯差異,例如,香港工資水平超過內地,來港旅客之中,有人做一些與旅客身分不相符的事,完全有可能。這類人佔整體旅客雖屬少數,政府也應該切實處理,以免事態惡化,激化市民與旅客之間的矛盾。香港近年轉型為旅遊城市,衍生的新問題以往從未有過,政府必須與時俱進,從旅遊城市的角度,思考新形勢新問題。
旅遊城市特質 舊思維不能對應
內地旅客所衍生問題,最明顯的有兩個:(1)旅客量大衍生擠佔效應,使本地居民生活受到影響;(2)香港與內地在文化、價值觀以至行為模式等,都存在差異,使港人與旅客出現扞格與矛盾。表面上,這兩方面問題,政府認為可做的不多,只能待隨着時日推移慢慢磨合,不過,若仔細分析,政府仍然有可作為的空間。
例如,本港各類設施,原本為700萬人服務,若走上了旅遊城市這條路,政府有責任增加配套設施,並且透過規劃,其中一途是開發二元市場,使本地居民的生活不致受到太大衝擊。旅遊資源短缺、服務不敷需求,不會因為磨合而消失,反而摩擦愈多,愈容易激化和深化矛盾,政府須有具體作為對應。
至於兩地的文化衝突,折射在港人與內地的扞格,透過增加設施可以稍為消減,但是,政府在消弭文化衝突也有角色。例如,較早前所謂蝗蟲論,表面上議題淡化了,不過未徹底消失,現在只是蟄伏下來,等下一波爭議再提出來而已。政府在這方面,設若透過旅遊發展局,組織或開展一些旅客與市民的交流活動,對增進雙方認識和了解,一定有幫助;另外,政府可以委請本港與內地專家學者研究相關議題,提出建議,作為制訂政策的參考。
政府要認識到,香港已經蛻變為旅遊城市,所面對問題與以往大不一樣,特別是每年數以千萬計內地旅客視香港為蒐購市場,他們為香港帶來龐大收入,但是有利必有弊,政府不能按以往思維對應旅遊城市的新局面,必須以新思維對應,要有預見力,在供應方面不滯後,避免好事變壞事。
曾蔭權政府由2005年以來,就香港發展為旅遊城市、香港市場向全國開放的過程中,在增加供應和配套設施都乏善足陳。例如,醫療系統爆煲和樓價飈升等,市民都歸咎內地孕婦迫爆醫院、內地人士「買起」樓市所致,其實,根本原因是曾蔭權政府的錯誤土地政策,使香港出現一子錯滿盤皆落索的局面。梁振英政府切勿重蹈覆轍,必須制訂恰當的土地房屋政策,不但要為解決中產人士置業難而謀,也要顧及旅遊城市的特質,提供土地增加設施,例如鼓勵興建更多酒店等,以保持競爭力。
除了擠佔效應和文化衝突,內地旅客還衍生一些法律問題。旅遊發展局主席田北俊不贊成深圳擴大自由行,他認為新增的410萬名可以「一簽多行」深圳非戶籍居民,並非真正旅客,他反而擔心因此助長黑工來港從事洗頭、裝修、按摩及走水貨的情况。田北俊這個擔心有的放矢,因為深圳非戶籍居民有高層管理等高收入人士,不過,更多是從全國各地到深圳打工的民工,他們收入不多,若來港消費,不應遭到抗拒或歧視,若他們來港從事與旅客身分不符的誘因亦不小,即使數量相對只佔少數,政府仍然要認真看待。
旅發局的數字顯示,今年上半年來港而不過夜的內地旅客,上升超過兩成,情况或許與本港酒店價格過高有關,但是新界北區,例如上水的水貨客,在「不過夜」旅客中佔多大比例,政府應該了解有關情况。水貨客已經成為上水一景,當區居民生活受到影響。水貨客不應當作一般旅客,政府宜與深圳當局合作掌握他們的情况,在保障北區居民利益的大前提下,以恰當措施處理,若政府從規劃上分隔上水居民與水貨客,則水貨客帶來的商機就可善加利用,帶動北區經濟發展。
新工種黑工較隱蔽 政府仍須防微杜漸
過去內地來港黑工,多在地盤、餐廳等場所工作,能見度高,容易被舉報,不過,近期內地來港黑工的工作變得較隱蔽,據田北俊透露,有從事洗頭、裝修、按摩,未經證實的還有修甲、補習,甚至家庭傭工等工種。這些新工種黑工,大多一對一提供服務,據知他們收費低,在港極具競爭力。政府強調黑工未因為自由行而增加,這是就被拘捕數字而言,然而,新出現的問題是新工種黑工難以被揭發,深圳更多人可以「一簽多行」,黑工情况會否惡化,值得關注,政府切勿不聞不問、後知後覺。
若有朝一日,香港因為經濟周期而失業率上升,揭發內地黑工竟然在港遍地開花至成行成市,則港人與內地人的衝突,可能會是另一個層次了,所以,政府不應等閒視之,事實上,內地旅客若拿着「一簽多行」來港工作,已經觸犯法律,政府有責任制止和杜絕犯法情事。
Editorial
Problems Arising from the Influx of Mainland Visitors
VISITORS from mainland China can help promote Hong Kong's prosperity and economic development. However, the government must keep up with the times and attend to new problems as the situation changes, bearing in mind that Hong Kong is quickly turning into a tourist resort.
There are two obvious problems arising from the influx of mainland visitors. First, the vast number of visitors is certain to have a displacement effect, affecting Hong Kong residents' daily lives. Second, there are differences between Hong Kong and the mainland in culture, social values, and standards of behaviour, which is likely to lead to conflicts between local residents and the visitors.
To begin with, Hong Kong's facilities are designed for a population of seven million. If Hong Kong is to become a tourist city, the government must make sure that there is a corresponding increase in facilities, and plans must be made to insulate Hong Kong people as far as possible from the negative effects of the influx of mainland visitors. One possible way to do so is the establishment of a dual market system. When resources and various services in a tourist city are found inadequate, conflicts between local residents and visitors are likely to get more serious. The government should take concrete action to prevent this from happening.
As for the solution of cultural conflicts, it will definitely be helpful if the government can, through the good offices of the Tourism Board, organise or launch some cultural exchange activities to promote better understanding between mainland visitors and local residents. The government can also invite scholars and experts, from both Hong Kong and the mainland, to study the issue and make proposals for the formulation of policies in this respect.
The government must recognise the fact that Hong Kong is developing into a tourist city, and the problems we face today are vastly different from those of the past. The hundreds of thousands of mainland visitors who come to shop in Hong Kong mean huge revenues for us, but there is also a downside to that. To cope with the new situation, the government must be prepared to think outside the box and look ahead.
Tourism Board chairman James Tien Pei-chun is against Shenzhen's relaxation of travel restrictions, worried that this would encourage more mainlanders to come and work illegally as hair shampooers, renovation workers, masseurs, and parallel traders. Tien's worries are not unfounded. Most of those who go to work in Shenzhen from other parts of China are not highly paid. Of course, if they come to Hong Kong as consumers, they should not be discriminated against. However, it is likely that some will be strongly tempted to come and engage in activities that visitors are not supposed to engage in. The government must take this seriously even if such people constitute but a minority of the mainland visitors.
Today, parallel traders have become an established feature in Sheung Shui, and the daily lives of the locals are adversely affected. Parallel traders are unlike other visitors. If the government can, through proper planning, separate their shopping activities from the locals', the business opportunities provided by the traders can be harnessed to develop the local community economy in the North District.
In the past, illegal workers in Hong Kong often worked on construction sites and in restaurants, where they could be easily spotted and reported to the authorities. However, according to Tien, they have now become less detectable since they are engaging in new types of work, providing service mostly on a one-to-one basis as shampooers, renovation workers, or masseurs. As they charge rather low fees, they prove highly competitive. The government must take effective action against them.
明報社評2012.08.30﹕盈門旅客衍生新問題 及早對應勿使好事變壞事
內地旅客來港旅遊,有助市面繁榮和促進經濟發展,不過,政府必須與時俱進,從旅遊城市的角度,思考新形勢新問題。
內地旅客所衍生問題,最明顯的有兩個:(1)旅客量大衍生擠佔效應,使本地居民生活受到影響;(2)香港與內地在文化、價值觀以至行為模式等,都存在差異,使港人與旅客出現扞格與矛盾。
例如,本港各類設施,原本為700萬人服務,若走上了旅遊城市這條路,政府有責任增加配套設施,並且透過規劃,其中一途是開發二元市場,使本地居民的生活不致受到太大衝擊。旅遊資源短缺、服務不敷需求,容易激化和深化矛盾,政府須有具體作為對應。
至於兩地的文化衝突,政府在這方面,設若透過旅遊發展局,組織或開展一些旅客與市民的交流活動,對增進雙方認識和了解,一定有幫助;另外,政府可以委請本港與內地專家學者研究相關議題,提出建議,作為制訂政策的參考。
政府要認識到,香港已經蛻變為旅遊城市,所面對問題與以往大不一樣,特別是每年數以千萬計內地旅客視香港為蒐購市場,他們為香港帶來龐大收入,但是有利必有弊,必須以新思維對應,要有預見力。
旅遊發展局主席田北俊不贊成深圳擴大自由行,擔心因此助長黑工來港從事洗頭、裝修、按摩及走水貨的情况。田北俊這個擔心有的放矢,因為從全國各地到深圳打工的民工,他們收入不多,若來港消費,不應遭到抗拒或歧視,若他們來港從事與旅客身分不符的誘因亦不小,即使數量相對只佔少數,政府仍然要認真看待。
水貨客已經成為上水一景,當區居民生活受到影響。水貨客不應當作一般旅客,若政府從規劃上分隔上水居民與水貨客,則水貨客帶來的商機就可善加利用,帶動北區經濟發展。
過去內地來港黑工,多在地盤、餐廳等場所工作,能見度高,容易被舉報,不過,近期內地來港黑工的工作變得較隱蔽,據田北俊透露,有從事洗頭、裝修、按摩。這些新工種黑工,大多一對一提供服務,據知他們收費低,在港極具競爭力,政府有責任杜絕。
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