<轉載自2012年8月14日 明報 社評>
釣魚島事態出現狀况的可能性,持續升溫,據日本報章報道,日本以「為了應付中國政府挑釁」為由,自衛隊接獲指示,就釣魚島(日稱尖閣諸島)擬定出兵計劃。近年來,日本就佔奪釣魚島,動作多多,若報道屬實,將是日本要把對釣島的「實際控制」,提升至「軍事佔領」層次。日本已經流露以軍事手段霸佔釣島之意,北京不應再忍讓,要制訂應對方案,必要時採取一切手段保護領土,而非僅是重申「釣魚島是中國固有領土」的立場而已。
購島登島出兵計劃 日本步步進逼
近期釣魚島事態升溫,源於極右政客、東京都知事石原慎太郎所謂購買釣島的舉措,日本政府順水推舟,以「中央政府購買,方便管理」為由,加入與東京市政府爭奪釣魚島,據知,購島的事已接近尾聲,日本首相野田佳彥深知日方改變了釣魚島的歸屬地位,中國必有反應,去月底他表示,「包括尖閣諸島,當日本的領士、領海發生非法行為時,考慮出動自衛隊應付」。接着,自衛隊統合幕僚長岩崎茂指示擬定出兵計劃。
據日本《產經新聞》報道,擬定出兵計劃,與東京都與日本政府購買釣魚島有關,目的「為了應付中國政府挑釁」云云。其實,關於釣魚島,當年鄧小平提出「擱置爭議、共同開發」之後,日本看到中國採取低姿態,開始強化對釣魚島的實際控制,對香港、台灣等大陸以外人士的船到釣島宣示主權,都出動海上保安廳船艦驅趕,做法粗暴,包括撞擊保釣船等。中國政府對日本公務船在釣島海域「執法」,除了重申擁有主權以外,並無任何具體行動,反而限制內地保釣人士乘船出海,近年香港保釣船多次被禁止出海宣示主權,一般相信是特區政府奉命阻截所致,但是,中國政府忍讓,卻換來日本得寸進尺,發展到要出動軍隊了。
除了所謂購島,日本右翼團體(包括議員)聲言本月19日登上釣魚島主島,祭祀二戰期間到釣島附近躲避美軍攻擊而沉船的遇難者亡魂。日人登釣島,特別是具公職身分人士登釣島,進行祭祀行動,極其敏感,事態勢必急速惡化,不過,迄今日本政府對登島之說,取態曖昧,不置可否。因此,有理由相信,近期釣島事態升溫,乃日本朝野黑臉、紅臉交相互動的結果,所謂日本政府為勢所逼云云,事態發展並非如此。
前晚,香港保釣船能夠出海宣示主權,是否顯示北京有新思維,無從得知,不過,日本方面對此高度重視。香港保釣船「啟豐二號」出發後,日本放送協會(NHK)在傍晚的新聞節目,以頭條報道,昨日再傳來日本海上保安廳緊急部署,加強對釣島周邊海域的警戒,又下令那霸和福岡的保安本部聯合攔截保釣船。今次日本嚴陣以待,有人擔心日本政府會把在「獨島」(日稱竹島)和「千頁群島」(日稱北方四島)遭到的挫折,向中國發泄。
俄羅斯就千頁群島取態強硬,梅德韋傑夫在擔任總統和總理期間,先後兩次登島,日本只能口頭抗議,徒呼荷荷;近日,韓國總統李明博登上與日本有領土爭議的獨島,日本政府可以採取的反制手段也不多。俄羅斯在千頁群島,韓國在獨島,分別都有軍事存在,實際佔有,而非僅在外圍控制而已。日本在千頁群島和獨島所吃兩記悶棍,不能排除會激起他們對釣魚島有軍事佔領之想,况且,美國口口聲聲表示《日美安保條約》包括釣魚島,上月把12架最新型「魚鷹」垂直升降運輸機調到日本,停飛一段時間的F22「猛禽」戰鬥機復飛後即調動到沖繩,顯而易見是針對中國。這些戰機調動,會否與日本蓄謀已久的佔奪釣魚島有關,值得關注。無論會否演變至軍事對抗,若日本視香港的保釣船(未確定台灣保釣船會否出發)為出氣袋,今次所遇到攔截力度,可能遠超過去,保釣船上人士的安危是一大懸念。
昨日,有本港保釣人士到駐港部隊總部,要求解放軍艦艇保護保釣船,但是駐港部隊連請願信也不收下,這個態度,大概說明問題了。中國對於日本就釣島的舉措,近期確有回應,例如派漁政船到釣島海域巡邏等,月前在東海的一次實彈射擊演習,更被認為是針對釣島事態而發,但是,總的而言,中國就釣島主權仍然予人只見重申立場、未見實際有效行動。一些與中國官方聯繫的內地專家學者,對日本就釣島的做法,多傾向認為日本在「自我折騰」,意即不認為日本會採取軍事手段佔奪釣島。
北京必須保證保護釣島 「毋恃敵之不來,恃吾有以待之」
內地專家學者或許有更多信息渠道,知道日本政府的真實意圖,所以才會作出「日本自我折騰」的判斷,但是,日本有美國因素、有千頁群島和獨島失利的背景,若排除日本選擇鋌而走險地來挽回面子,或許會犯下歷史錯誤。因為從日本的主觀處境和客觀環境而言,他們就釣島的做法,絕非折騰,而是朝着佔奪的方向發展和挺進。
日本已經為釣島擬定出兵計劃,中國政府不能再忍讓,也不能僅口頭宣示主權,應該向國民和海外華人保證會有恰當方略保護釣魚島。基於軍事部署要保持機密,不期望披露細節,但是,孫子兵法的「毋恃敵之不來,恃吾有以待之」,必須體現出來。中國政府務必保護釣魚島,才對得起炎黃子孫。
Editorial
The Japanese Are Ready. Are We?
TENSION over the Diaoyu Islands - which the Japanese call the Senkaku Islands - has been escalating since Shintaro Ishihara, Governor of Tokyo and right-wing extremist, declared his intention to "purchase" them. The Japanese government, conveniently availing itself of this opportunity, has joined in the bid for the islands on the pretext that "for administrative purposes it would be better for the Senkakus to be in the central government's hands". It is understood that the "purchase" is soon to be finalised. Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, who knows very well that China is bound to respond to a change in the islands' proprietorship, said in late July that "we will consider mobilising the Self Defence Forces if any illegal activity occurs in Japan's dominions or territorial waters, including the Senkakus".
On the Diaoyu Islands issue, it was Deng Xiaoping who proposed the concept of "setting aside dispute and pursuing joint development". Realising that China was taking a low-key stance, Japan began strengthening its real control over the islands, and Japan Coast Guard vessels have taken to driving away Hong Kong and Taiwan people sailing to the islands to assert China's sovereignty. With Japanese government vessels "enforcing the law" in waters near the Diaoyu Islands, the Chinese government has not only taken no concrete action to support its often repeated declaration of sovereignty, but has prevented mainland activists from setting sail for the islands. And the greater forbearance the Chinese government shows, the more aggressive Japan is. Now the Japanese are talking of mobilising the armed forces.
The night before last, Hong Kong activists managed to leave Hong Kong waters for the Diaoyu Islands. It is impossible to tell from this whether Beijing is changing its stance, but Japan is on full alert. The Japan Coast Guard has as an emergency measure stepped up deployment in waters around the islands, and the Regional Coast Guard Headquarters in Naha and Fukuoka have been ordered to join forces in intercepting the vessel from Hong Kong. The Japanese are leaving nothing to chance.
Russia has adopted an uncompromising stance on the Kuril Islands issue. While serving as Russian President or Premier, Dmitry Medvedev twice visited the islands, and Japan could do nothing other than lodge verbal protests. And recently, South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak made a visit to the Dokdo Island, which Japan also lays claim to. Again there is nothing much the Japanese government can do in reprisal. Both Russia and South Korea are not only in remote control but also in actual possession of the disputed islands, where they maintain a military presence. It is likely that Japan, baffled first over the Kuril issue and then the Dokdo issue, may be galvanised into the decision to take military possession of the Diaoyu Islands. And if the Japanese seek to vent their grievances on the vessel from Hong Kong (it is not yet clear whether a vessel from Taiwan will go as well), they may employ interception measures that are far more drastic than before. The safety of those on board the vessel is therefore a very real cause for concern.
Yesterday, some Hong Kong activists went to the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison with the request that ships be sent to protect the vessel from Hong Kong. The PLA did not even accept their petition, which is a very telling sign.
In the Diaoyu Islands controversy, Japan is now ready with a plan to mobilise the army. The Chinese government should no longer hold back and satisfy itself with verbal declarations of sovereignty only, but must take concrete action to defend the islands, or it will be letting its people down.
明報社評 2012.08.14﹕日本擬定出兵計劃 我國可有保釣魚島方案?
近期釣魚島(日稱尖閣諸島)事態升溫,源於極右政客、東京都知事石原慎太郎所謂購買釣島的舉措,日本政府順水推舟,以「中央政府購買,方便管理」為由,加入與東京市政府爭奪釣魚島,據知,購島的事已接近尾聲,日本首相野田佳彥深知日方改變了釣魚島的歸屬地位,中國必有反應,去月底他表示,「包括尖閣諸島,當日本的領士、領海發生非法行為時,考慮出動自衛隊應付」。
關於釣魚島,當年鄧小平提出「擱置爭議、共同開發」之後,日本看到中國採取低姿態,開始強化對釣魚島的實際控制,對香港、台灣人士的船到釣島宣示主權,都出動海上保安廳船艦驅趕。中國政府對日本公務船在釣島海域「執法」,除了重申擁有主權以外,並無任何具體行動,反而限制內地保釣人士乘船出海,但是,中國政府忍讓,卻換來日本得寸進尺,發展到要出動軍隊了。
前晚,香港保釣船能夠出海宣示主權,是否顯示北京有新思維,無從得知,不過,日本方面對此高度重視,日本海上保安廳緊急部署,加強對釣島周邊海域的警戒,又下令那霸和福岡的保安本部聯合攔截保釣船,嚴陣以待。
俄羅斯就千頁群島取態強硬,梅德韋傑夫在擔任總統和總理期間,先後兩次登島,日本只能口頭抗議,徒呼荷荷;近日,韓國總統李明博登上與日本有領土爭議的獨島,日本政府可以採取的反制手段也不多。俄羅斯在千頁群島,韓國在獨島,分別都有軍事存在,實際佔有,而非僅在外圍控制而已。日本在千頁群島和獨島所吃兩記悶棍,不能排除會激起他們對釣魚島有軍事佔領之想,若日本視香港的保釣船(未確定台灣保釣船會否出發)為出氣袋,今次所遇到攔截力度,可能遠超過去,保釣船上人士的安危是一大懸念。
昨日,有本港保釣人士到駐港部隊總部,要求解放軍艦艇保護保釣船,但是駐港部隊連請願信也不收下,這個態度,大概說明問題了。
日本已經為釣島擬定出兵計劃,中國政府不能再忍讓,也不能僅口頭宣示主權。中國政府務必保護釣魚島,才對得起炎黃子孫。
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