2012年8月16日 星期四

以實質行動 打破日本「實際控制」釣島局面

<轉載自2012816日 明報 社評>  
 
香港保釣船「啟豐二號」突破日本海上保安廳艦艇重重攔截,駛到釣魚島淺灘,船上7人登岸,揮舞旗幟宣示中國擁有釣魚島主權。在日本就釣島主權爭議有諸多動作、取態愈見囂橫之際,保釣船此行成功登島,減了日本的威風,長了中國人保釣的士氣,全球華人以至兩岸政府都應該感謝他們。這次保釣,起到稍遏日本氣燄的客觀效果,也提醒兩岸政府,在全面收復釣島之前,必須採取另類「以戰止戰」策略,以持續和實質行動,打破日本「實際控制」釣島的局面,增加「中國存在」的因素,這樣,與日本開戰爭奪釣魚島的可能性或會降低。
 
港人保衛釣魚島 對得起國家、對得起歷史

兩岸三地,香港人口最少,只有700多萬,就保衛釣魚島,對得起國家、對得起歷史。兩岸超過13億人口,但是歷來兩岸政府對人民自發出海保釣,都有不同程度壓制,特別是人口最多的大陸,民眾對保釣的貢獻不成比例;台灣當局則左搖右擺,有時准船出海,有時阻撓,今次原本有漁船準備出海,卻被當局人員勸阻,就是一例。至於香港,歷來積極參與保釣,1996年一次行動,陳毓祥在釣島海域遇溺死亡,更是唯一一次有中國人在保釣行動中遇難。我們作這樣的對比,並非為香港表功,釣島仍由日本實際控制,何功之有?只是保衛國土,人人有責,期望炎黃子孫,群起保釣。

「啟豐二號」上有14人,包括大陸和澳門保釣人士各1名,據知,這是首次有大陸人士參與港人的保釣行動,期望這是開端,日後有更多大陸人士加入「保釣行動派」的行列。這次行動還有另一層意義,就是登島保釣人士攜帶了多面旗幟,有大陸的五星紅旗、台灣的青天白日滿地紅旗、香港區旗和澳門區旗,從照片所見,雖然遭到日本海上保安廳人員阻撓,前兩者已經在釣魚島上揮舞過。顯示於此特定歷史時空,即使兩岸還未統一,兩岸四地對釣島主權有共同意志,意義重大。

歷來港人出海保釣而能夠登島,昨日為第二次,上一次是199610月。保釣人士都想登島,但是日本出動攔截的保安廳艦艇,不但數量多(以「啟豐二號」為例,面對約10艘艦艇圍攻,還有直升機在高空監控),每一艘的排水量也遠超保釣船,採取兩艦同時夾擊的粗暴攔截策略,業餘的保釣船面對專業的武力對付,困難程度可想而知。因此,「啟豐二號」能夠登島宣示主權,是難得的成功。

日本實際控制着釣島,且看保安廳艦艇在釣島海域縱橫、保安廳人員登島「執法」,「拘捕」登島保釣人士等,可見一斑。過去近40年,日本操作朝野互動,刻意經營實際控制釣島,包括極右團體「青年社」登島設置燈塔等,意圖製造既定事實。過去,兩岸政府對日本的部署,未有大力反制,每有事故,總是例必重申「釣魚島是中國固有領土」的立場而已,予人有怯懦之感。日本得寸進尺,步步進逼,發展至擬定作戰計劃,以圖軍事佔領釣魚島,我們認為,中國在釣島處於劣勢,與兩岸政府(特別是北京當局)養癰為患,未經營實際控制有關。

除非中國政府宣布放棄釣魚島,否則,應該想辦法打破日本實際控制釣島的局面。近期,中國漁政船到釣島海域巡察,不無顯示「存在」之意,這類舉措,日本例必有反應,不過,即使兩國外交上各自表述一番,爭議性的能見度極低,對日本的實際控制未能構成重大衝擊。如何經營實際控制,中國政府或許有不少選擇,我們認為,每當有民間保釣船前往釣島宣示主權時,中國官方公務船陪同,提供保護,是最能製造議題、引起國際關注的操作。事實上,釣魚島既屬中國領土,則中國政府派船到釣島海域執行公務,有何不可?

我們這個意見,並非要中國政府一下子奪回釣島的實際控制權,而是期望釣島主權爭議未解決前,於「實際控制」方面,不能讓日本獨享。若目前情况不改變,讓日本在釣島繼續坐大,則日後若有談判,中國處境也極其不利,屆時要解決爭議,可能只有戰爭一途。所以,中國開始經營對釣島的實際控制,其實是另類「以戰止戰」,爭取避免發生真正的戰爭。

從這個角度看來,內地當局對於保釣人士出海,不應一概禁止,只要保釣船符合安全要求,應予放行,若有需要,則由公務船同行。回看香港,回歸之前,港英殖民地政府對港人出海保釣都開綠燈,近年特區政府則對保釣人士出海諸多阻撓,從今次「啟豐二號」起到的宣示主權效果,若繼續阻撓保釣船出海,是損害民族感情、不符合國家的利益的做法。特區政府應該以平常心體待保釣船出海。

打好這場外交戰 維護主權保障保釣人士利益

「啟豐二號」人員成功登上釣島以後,據日本傳媒報道,海上保安廳準備扣留保釣船,並將「拘捕」的14名香港保釣人士移送到沖繩本島調查。這是另一場主權法理鬥爭,不排除日本意圖透過操作拘捕、處理等程序,顯示在釣島執行日本法律的權力,中國政府有責任從法理上維護主權和保障保釣人士利益,打好這場外交戰。就釣魚島問題,法理鬥爭屬於新鮮事物,怎樣處理會成為先例,必須小心因應。期望14名保釣人士早日歸來。
Editorial

Shattering Japan's Virtual Control over the Diaoyu Islands
 
DESPITE the many Japan Coast Guard vessels trying to block its way, the Kai Fung 2 from Hong Kong sailed to the rocky shore of the Diaoyu Islands. Seven of the crew waded ashore, where they waved flags as a token of China's sovereignty over the islands. At a time when the Japanese are getting more and more unruly playing with the Diaoyu sovereignty issue, the landing is as much a blow to their aggression as it is a booster for our morale. All Chinese people as well as the mainland and Taiwan governments should thank the activists for what they have done.
 
Compared with the mainland and Taiwan, Hong Kong has the smallest population, which is just more than 7 million. Yet, in defending China's sovereignty over the Diaoyus, Hong Kong people have not failed their country, nor have they failed to live up to their historical mission. The mainland and Taiwan together boast a population of more than 1.3 billion. Yet the mainland and Taiwan authorities have in varying degrees taken repressive measures against activists trying to set sail for the Diaoyus. This is particularly the case in mainland China, which has the largest population. We believe it is everyone's duty to ensure the territorial integrity of their own country, and all Chinese people should be united in their efforts to defend the Diaoyus.

The Kai Fung 2 crew consists of 14 people, of whom one is from the mainland, and one from Macao. Those who landed on the Diaoyus carried with them several flags, including the mainland's Five-star Red Flag and Taiwan's "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" Flag, together with the regional flags of Hong Kong and Macao. The first two flags were unfurled and waved, showing very symbolically that, though politically Taiwan is not yet reunited with the mainland, the two places are united with Hong Kong and Macao in defending China's sovereignty over the Diaoyus.

Hong Kong people had many times set sail for the Diaoyus, but it was not till yesterday that they managed to land on the islands for the second time - the first time was in October 1996. With Japan deploying its armed Coast Guard vessels against Hong Kong's civilian boats, one can easily imagine how difficult it is for Hong Kong activists to try to land on the Diaoyus to assert China's sovereignty. The landing made by the Kai Fung 2 crew yesterday must therefore be regarded as a rare feat.

Japan is in virtual control of the Diaoyus. This is confirmed by the many Japan Coast Guard vessels cruising in the waters off the Diaoyus, and the Coast Guard officers getting on the islands to "enforce the law" and "arrest" the activists. We must point out that, in the Diaoyu tug of war, Japan is having the upper hand. This is because the Taiwan and especially the Beijing governments have for too long suffered the Japanese to have their way, and have not tried to establish any real control over the Diaoyus.

We are of the opinion that, whenever a civilian vessel sets sail for the Diaoyus to assert China's sovereignty, it should be escorted by government vessels. This is a move most likely to create international attention and discussion. As the Diaoyus are part of Chinese territory, there is no reason why the Chinese government should not send its vessels there to perform public duties.

According to Japanese media reports, the Japan Coast Guard will have the Kai Fung 2 impounded, and the 14 "arrested" activists taken to Okinawa for further questioning. This means a legal war over the Diaoyus. It is possible that, through the "arrest" of the activists and the handling of the case, Japan is trying to establish its jurisdiction over the islands. The Chinese government must stand up legally for China's sovereignty and the 14 activists' interests, and do its best in this diplomatic wrestling match. We hope the 14 activists will soon be able to come back to Hong Kong.

明報社評
2012.08.16﹕以實質行動 打破日本「實際控制」釣島局面

香港保釣船「啟豐二號」突破日本海上保安廳艦艇重重攔截,駛到釣魚島淺灘,船上
7人登岸,揮舞旗幟宣示中國擁有釣魚島主權。在日本就釣島主權爭議有諸多動作、取態愈見囂橫之際,保釣船此行成功登島,減了日本的威風,長了中國人保釣的士氣,全球華人以至兩岸政府都應該感謝他們。

兩岸三地,香港人口最少,只有
700多萬,就保衛釣魚島,對得起國家、對得起歷史。兩岸超過13億人口,但是歷來兩岸政府對人民自發出海保釣,都有不同程度壓制,特別是人口最多的大陸。保衛國土,人人有責,期望炎黃子孫,群起保釣。

「啟豐二號」上有
14人,包括大陸和澳門保釣人士各1名,登島保釣人士攜帶了多面旗幟,有大陸的五星紅旗、台灣的青天白日滿地紅旗、香港區旗和澳門區旗,前兩者已經在釣魚島上揮舞過。顯示即使兩岸還未統一,兩岸四地對釣島主權有共同意志,意義重大。

歷來港人出海保釣而能夠登島,昨日為第二次,上一次是
199610月。保釣人士都想登島,但是日本出動攔截的保安廳艦艇,業餘的保釣船面對專業的武力對付,困難程度可想而知。因此,「啟豐二號」能夠登島宣示主權,是難得的成功。

日本實際控制着釣島,且看保安廳艦艇在釣島海域縱橫、保安廳人員登島「執法」,「拘捕」登島保釣人士等,可見一斑。我們認為,中國在釣島處於劣勢,與兩岸政府(特別是北京當局)養癰為患,未經營實際控制有關。
我們認為,每當有民間保釣船前往釣島宣示主權時,中國官方公務船陪同,提供保護,是最能製造議題、引起國際關注的操作。事實上,釣魚島既屬中國領土,則中國政府派船到釣島海域執行公務,有何不可?

據日本傳媒報道,海上保安廳準備扣留保釣船,並將「拘捕」的
14名香港保釣人士移送到沖繩本島調查。這是另一場主權法理鬥爭,不排除日本意圖透過操作拘捕、處理等程序,顯示在釣島執行日本法律的權力,中國政府有責任從法理上維護主權和保障保釣人士利益,打好這場外交戰。期望14名保釣人士早日歸來。

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