2012年11月22日 星期四

利民德政,金管局緣何不為?

<轉載自20121122日 明報 社評>
強積金管理費高昂、回報率低,養肥了一班基金經理和受託人,打工仔的血汗錢被蠶食得退休養老夢碎。強積金現况之可惡,已經成為整體深層次矛盾的組成部分,不少人獻計獻策,希望恢復強積金的養老功能,不過,掌管超過2.5萬億港元外匯基金資產的金管局總裁陳德霖,日前在立法會回應議員建議金管局參與強積金事務時,卻以「與金管局法定職能不一致」為由拒絕。陳德霖此番表態,使人失望。金管局是其中一個最有能力扭轉強積金現狀的機構,政府應主動責成金管局參與,帶動強積金的管理費下調,使數以百萬計打工仔退休時,能夠享受歷年辛勤供款的成果。

具專業能力享高薪 金管局不應推卸責任

過去,有建議積金局擔任公共委託人,推出一些與指數掛鈎的強積金ETF產品,招攬客戶,然後打包讓其他委託人投標,藉此降低管理費,不過,此議隨着前任積金局主席范鴻齡隱退,已經「人去政息」,再無人提起。近日,有議員提出金管局擔任強積金公共委託人,推出低收費、與外匯基金回報掛鈎的強積金產品,給打工仔更多選擇,目的也是應對管理費過高的問題。就此,陳德霖一口拒絕,顯得沒有商量餘地。他的取態和藉口,都值得討論。

首先,金管局薪酬超高,人所共知,據金管局2011年年報顯示,2012年人事費用(主要是薪酬)預算高達9.35億元;而在2011年,單就12名助理總裁,每一名固定薪酬(328萬元)、浮動薪酬(70萬元)、其他福利(37萬元),總計高達436萬元,已經遠超美國聯儲局主席伯南克的19.97萬美元(約155萬港元),至於其他3名副總裁及總裁薪酬之高,更是嚇人了。這些打工皇帝,正常情况下毋須為退休生活擔憂。

金管局成員薪酬豐厚,市民不會以「眼紅症」看待,但是同樣克勤克儉的打工仔,卻因為強積金制度出現嚴重偏差而無法養老;以金管局人員的專業能力,可以在這方面做一些貢獻,陳德霖回應議員建議時,若說會按政府的要求和指示做,而非關上後門,以法定權限推卸,則公衆感受會好一點。陳德霖一口回絕,有點不近人情,他應該拋開少做少錯的思維,為社會作更大貢獻。

陳德霖說「若金管局擔任強積金公共委託人,將與其法定職能不一致」的說法,未免過於輕率。因為金管局的法定職能,本來就並非一成不變,主要視乎政府要它做什麼,金管局就有那方面的職能。

金管局之成立,並無一條金管局條例為據,而是財政司長按《外匯基金條例》的授權,委任金融管理專員(即是金管局總裁),成立金管局。所以,金管局總裁由財政司長直接領導,協助財政司長執行外匯基金條例授予的職能,以及執行其他條例及財政司長所指定的職能。另外,金管局總裁的權力,還有其他條例賦予和規限,分別是《銀行業條例》、《存款保障計劃條例》、《結算及交收系統條例》及其他有關條例明文規定。

因此,單就權責而言,若財政司長指示金管局總裁參與強積金事務,則金管局的職能就多了一項,屆時或許要修訂積金局條例或制訂相關條例,讓積金局和金管局據之執行而已。

金管局替政府理財賺錢 為何不能為市民打理強積金?

事實上,金管局在網頁和年報所列出4項職能,即是維持貨幣穩定、促進金融體系的穩定和健全、協助鞏固香港的國際金融中心地位,以及管理外匯基金,不過,現在金管局所做的事,起碼有一項在職能未列出來,就是替政府管理財政儲備和管理政府基金和法定組織存款。據2011年金管局年報羅列,財政儲備有6635億元,政府基金和法定組織存款有1262億元,當年,金管局按固定息率6厘,支付財政儲備的利息為369億元,支付政府基金和法定組織存款利息56億元。據介紹,2010年,金管局支付這兩筆錢的息率更高,達6.3厘。

金管局的架構和職能是有彈性的,若政府認為有需要而又符合香港利益,交付金管局執行,它就多了職能。然則,金管局替政府理財賺錢,為何不能參與強積金事務,協助市民?議員建議金管局推出的強積金產品,實際上就是類同財政儲備等息率的回報,因此,看不出為何與金管局法定職能不一致,若陳德霖堅持這個說法,要有更具說服力解釋。

金管局受命於政府,基於強積金現况不得人心,政府應該要求金管局參與強積金事務,以收帶動改造強積金之效。設若金管局的強積金產品收費低廉,其他委託人為保住業務,自然要降低管理費,出現真正競爭而使打工仔受惠的局面。強積金原本是社會退休保障其中一條支柱,由於制度出了問題,原意大打折扣,人口老化所突顯長者退休生活保障問題,若不及早籌謀,日後更難處理;打工仔在強積金多一分收益,日後社會負擔就少一分。金管局參與強積金事務,不但幫助市民,實際上也是減輕政府就人口老化的承擔,一舉兩得,何樂而不為?
Editorial

Why Shy Away From a Worthy Cause?
 
WITH HIGH MANAGEMENT FEES and poor returns, Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) schemes have proved to be a gold mine for fund managers and trustees. Employees, on the other hand, can do nothing but watch their hard-earned retirement money being eaten away. The MPF system as it stands today is one of the deep-seated causes of Hong Kong's social conflicts. Quite a number of people have therefore come up with proposals designed to make the system truly serve the retirement needs of the public.
 
The problem of high management fees has recently prompted lawmakers to call on the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) to assume the role of a public trustee and launch low-fee MPF products so that employees may have more choices. However, HKMA Chief Executive Norman Chan Tak-lam has turned down this proposal outright. We cannot agree with his dismissal of the issue. Nor can we agree with the reasons he has cited.

For one thing, it is general knowledge that senior executives of the HKMA are very generously paid. According to the HKMA Annual Report 2011, each of the 12 Executive Directors received last year a fixed pay of HK$3.28 million, a variable pay of HK$700,000, and sundry allowances that amounted to HK$370,000, which added up to HK$4.36 million, comparing very favourably with US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke's annual remuneration of US$199,700 (HK$1.55 million). And the HKMA Chief Executive as well as the three Deputy Chief Executives was paid even more fabulously.

While the general public may not begrudge these senior executives' huge remuneration packages, we must point out that many employees, working hard and living frugally, will not be able to meet their retirement needs because of an MPF system that has gone wrong. The HKMA, with its professional expertise, should be able to help in this respect. Norman Chan must not, for fear of anything untoward happening, refuse to take on more responsibility for the good of the public.
Chan declared that "the role of a public trustee in the MPF system does not agree with the statutory functions of the HKMA". This argument is untenable. The HKMA was not established by statute, but by the Financial Secretary, by virtue of the powers vested in him by the Exchange Fund Ordinance. The HKMA Chief Executive therefore reports directly to the Financial Secretary. If the Financial Secretary tells him to get involved in the MPF business, the HKMA will have to take on this new function.

Now, according to its website and annual report, the HKMA has four principal functions, namely maintaining currency stability, promoting the stability and integrity of the financial system, helping to maintain Hong Kong's status as an international financial centre, and managing the Exchange Fund. But in addition to these the HKMA has at least one more important function, which is to manage the government's fiscal reserves and placements received from government funds and statutory bodies.

If the HKMA can help the government manage its money and achieve reasonable returns, why can't it help the public manage MPF schemes? We cannot see any discrepancy between the HKMA's "statutory functions" and its assumption of the role of an MPF provider, as urged by some lawmakers. The HKMA is directed by the government. In view of the great unpopularity of the present MPF system, the government should direct the HKMA to play a part in the system so that changes for the better may be effected.

明報社評
2012.11.22﹕利民德政,金管局緣何不為?

強積金管理費高昂、回報率低,養肥了一班基金經理和受託人,打工仔的血汗錢被蠶食得退休養老夢碎。強積金現況之可惡,已經成為整體深層次矛盾的組成部分,不少人獻計獻策,希望恢復強積金的養老功能。

近日,有議員提出金管局擔任強積金公共委託人,推出低收費的強積金產品,給打工仔更多選擇,目的也是應對管理費過高的問題。就此,金管局總裁
陳德霖一口拒絕。他的取態和藉口,都值得討論。

首先,金管局薪酬超高,人所共知,據金管局
2011年年報顯示,在2011年,單就12名助理總裁,每一名固定薪酬(328萬元)、浮動薪酬(70萬元)、其他福利(37萬元),總計高達436萬元,已經遠超美國聯儲局主席伯南克的19.97萬美元(約155萬港元),至於其他3名副總裁及總裁薪酬之高,更是嚇人了。

金管局成員薪酬豐厚,市民不會以「眼紅症」看待,但是同樣克勤克儉的打工仔,卻因為強積金制度出現嚴重偏差而無法養老;以金管局人員的專業能力,可以在這方面做一些貢獻,陳德霖應該拋開少做少錯的思維,為社會作更大貢獻。

陳德霖說「若金管局擔任強積金公共委託人,將與其法定職能不一致」的說法,未免過於輕率。金管局之成立,並無一條金管局條例為據,而是財政司長按《
外匯基金條例》的授權,成立金管局。所以,金管局總裁由財政司長直接領導。若財政司長指示金管局總裁參與強積金事務,則金管局的職能就多了一項。

事實上,金管局在網頁和年報所列出
4項職能,即是維持貨幣穩定、促進金融體系的穩定和健全、協助鞏固香港的國際金融中心地位,以及管理外匯基金,不過,現在金管局所做的事,起碼有一項在職能未列出來,就是替政府管理財政儲備和管理政府基金和法定組織存款。

然則,金管局替政府理財賺錢,為何不能參與強積金事務,協助市民?議員建議金管局推出的強積金產品,看不出為何與金管局法定職能不一致。金管局受命於政府,基於強積金現
不得人心,政府應該要求金管局參與強積金事務,以收帶動改造強積金之效。

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