2018年1月29日 星期一

內地開放或超預期 港面對挑戰更嚴峻

<轉載自2018129 明報 社評>

上周,被視為國家主席習近平「頭號經濟智囊」的中共中央政治局委員兼中央財經領導小組辦公室主任劉鶴,在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇年會上表示,中國今年將利用改革開放40周年的機會,推出新的、力度更大的改革開放舉措,「一些政策可能超出國際社會預期」。雖然他未透露具體舉措,但強調會擴大服務業特別是金融業對外開放。而內地首個自由港年內或將在上海推出,後面還有10多個城市躍躍欲試,預示香港金融服務業未來面對的競爭挑戰將會更大。

開放市場向全球獻禮 上海自貿港參照港星

劉鶴是新一屆國務院副總理的熱門人選,亦被視為未來中國財金政策的掌門人,他在瑞士演講時表示,中共十九大報告內提的每件事「都是向中國人民的莊嚴承諾,都必須要做到」。他又說,今年是中國改革開放40周年,未來推動經濟高品質發展仍然要靠改革開放。他承諾要加強與國際經貿規則對接,大幅度放寬市場准入,擴大服務業特別是金融業對外開放,創造有吸引力的國內投資環境。他說,中國已經出現了4億人左右的世界上規模最大的中等收入群體,形成巨大的國內市場,中國開放市場,將對全球的發展作出重大貢獻。

在答問環節,劉鶴表示,中國將利用改革開放40周年的機會,推出新的、力度更大的改革開放舉措,「至於是什麼,中央政府正在研究。但可以非常負責地向大家報告,一些政策可能超出國際社會預期」。

雖然劉鶴在這裏賣了一個關子,但中國加大開放的力度已有迹可尋,十九大後的首次年度中央經濟工作會議就提出,「要在開放的範圍和層次上進一步拓展,更要在開放的思想觀念、結構佈局、體制機制上進一步拓展」。

過去40年,內地從設立深圳、珠海、汕頭、廈門4個經濟特區,到開放14個沿海城市,從開放海南洋浦新區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區等,到4年前推出上海及各地的10多個自貿區,開放步伐可謂逐步加大。而據內地傳媒報道,比自貿區自由度更大的全國首個自由貿易港可能今年內在上海推出。

據報道,上海市已經形成了建設自由貿易港的初步方案,並且報送至國家相關部委徵求意見,而前期工作早已啟動,香港和新加坡已經被確定為「重要的對標參照系」。
習近平在去年10月的十九大報告就曾提出,要「賦予自由貿易試驗區更大改革自主權,探索建設自由貿易港」。副總理汪洋在《人民日報》發文解讀十九大報告時,更直接提到自由港,並指「香港、新加坡、鹿特丹、迪拜都是比較典型的自由港」。

內地設立的雖然叫「自由貿易港」,但發展本地貿易、轉口貿易已非其目標,而是在自貿區基礎上的「升級版」,離岸貿易、離岸金融才是其發展的方向。其實,上海在自貿區試驗中,已經試點離岸貿易。建設自貿港,需要大力發展離岸貿易,探索期貨貿易模式。要發展離岸貿易,就要提供更多離岸的服務貿易和離岸金融。而離岸貿易和離岸金融服務業,正是香港作為國際貿易中心和金融中心的看家本領,也是香港經濟賴以生存發展的支柱產業之一。

浙粵遼魯川紛紛跟進 再造幾個香港或成真

除了上海,浙江也將在寧波-舟山港建設自由貿易港提上日程;廣州也提出要探索建設南沙自由貿易港。另外,遼寧省已正式將大連申報自由貿易港方案上報國務院;山東省也積極爭取在青島港創建自貿港。截至目前,已經有包括四川等內陸省份在內的10多個省區競逐自由貿易港。內地的這連串開放大手筆,既是促進本身經濟發展的必由之路,亦是防備美國挑起貿易戰的應對之舉,當全球資本大舉進入中國市場之際,任何歐美領導人在制裁中國時都不得不投鼠忌器。

30年前,當已故中國領導人鄧小平提出在內地「再造幾個香港」的時候,港人可能只把這句話當成對香港成功的讚賞及對香港模式的認同。但時至今日,當這句話即將付諸實現時,對港人又別有一番滋味在心頭。雖然香港有信心本身的法治體系、新聞及言論自由等重要元素,在今日內地的政治環境下仍不可複製,但在金融科技、市場規模、在岸離岸的金融市場開放度等方面,遲早要面臨鄰近地區的挑戰與競爭,香港在貿易金融等方面已經面臨新加坡的挑戰,當內地自由港遍地開花之際,國際資本對香港的垂青會否仍一如既往?本港的國際金融中心地位在區內是否仍一枝獨秀?這些都是特區政府和業界要認真思考的問題。不管劉鶴所言的內地開放超預期舉措是否上海自由港,香港金融服務業面對的挑戰都已是迫在眉睫,不能再坐而論道,而應坐言起行,留給我們的時間已經不多了。

The further opening-up of the mainland poses new challenges to Hong Kong

LAST WEEK, Liu He, a member of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the chief of the General Office serving the Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs (who is also widely regarded as the brains behind the economic policies of Xi Jinping, the Chinese president), said in the World Economic Forum held in Davos, Switzerland that China would take the opportunity in the 40th anniversary of the launch of the Reform and Opening Up policy to make a new, more vigorous initiative of reform and opening up. "Some of the policies might go beyond the expectations of the international community," he said.

Liu is a favourite to become the deputy premier of the new term of the State Council. He is also regarded as the tsar of China's future fiscal and financial policies. He said in his Switzerland speech that everything mentioned in the CPC's 19th National Congress report "is a solemn promise to the Chinese people that must be fulfilled". He added that, this year (which marked the 40th anniversary of the Reform and Opening Up policy) reform and opening up would still be the driving force behind China's high-quality economic growth. He vowed to step up integration with the economic and trade norms of the international community, greatly relax restrictions on market access, further open the service industry (especially the financial industry) to the outside world and create an attractive domestic investment environment. He said that an around 400-million-strong medium-income community, the largest in the world, had already emerged in China, forming an immense domestic market. China's opening up of the market would greatly contribute to global development, he said.

During the question-and-answer session Liu said that China would take the opportunity of the 40th anniversary of the Reform and Opening Up policy to launch a newer, more vigorous initiative of reform and opening up. "The central government is still studying 'what it should be'. But I can very responsibly inform you that some of the policies might go beyond the expectations of the international community," he said.

Though Liu kept us in suspense here, China's drive to step up the "Opening Up" is evident. During the first annual central economic work meeting conducted after the 19th National Congress, it was proposed that "the scope and level of 'Opening Up' should be furthered, as should its ideology, layout and institutions."

Over the past 40 years, the "Opening Up" drive has been stepped up in a gradual manner. First the establishment of four economic special regions— Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen. Then the opening up of 14 coastal cities. Then the opening up of the Hainan Yangpu economic development zone, Shanghai Pudong economic development zone and Tianjin Binhai economic development zone. Finally the launch of a dozen Free Trade Zones in Shanghai and elsewhere. According to the mainland media, a Free Trade Port, which is even freer than a Free Trade Zone, could be opened this year in Shanghai.

It is reported that the Shanghai government has already come up with an initial plan for the establishment of the Free Trade Port. In fact, Xi said in last October's report to the 19th National Congress that "Greater autonomy for reform must be given to Free Trade Trial Zones, and the possibility of creating Free Trade Ports must be explored."

Hong Kong is already facing the challenges posed by Singapore in areas such as trade and finance. When Free Trade Ports mushroom in mainland China, will international capital still favour Hong Kong as it did before? Will Hong Kong's status as an international financial industry in the region remain unchallenged? These are questions that must be seriously considered by the HKSAR government and the industries concerned.

內地開放或超預期 港面對挑戰更嚴峻

上周,被視為國家主席習近平「頭號經濟智囊」的中共中央政治局委員兼中央財經領導小組辦公室主任劉鶴,在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇年會上表示,中國今年將利用改革開放40周年的機會,推出新的、力度更大的改革開放舉措,「一些政策可能超出國際社會預期」。

劉鶴是新一屆國務院副總理的熱門人選,亦被視為未來中國財金政策的掌門人,他在瑞士演講時表示,中共十九大報告內提的每件事「都是向中國人民的莊嚴承諾,都必須要做到」。他又說,今年是中國改革開放40周年,未來推動經濟高品質發展仍然要靠改革開放。他承諾要加強與國際經貿規則對接,大幅度放寬市場准入,擴大服務業特別是金融業對外開放,創造有吸引力的國內投資環境。他說,中國已經出現了4億人左右的世界上規模最大的中等收入群體,形成巨大的國內市場,中國開放市場,將對全球的發展作出重大貢獻。

在答問環節,劉鶴表示,中國將利用改革開放40周年的機會,推出新的、力度更大的改革開放舉措,「至於是什麼,中央政府正在研究。但可以非常負責地向大家報告,一些政策可能超出國際社會預期」。

雖然劉鶴在這裏賣了一個關子,但中國加大開放的力度已有迹可尋,十九大後的首次年度中央經濟工作會議就提出,「要在開放的範圍和層次上進一步拓展,更要在開放的思想觀念、結構佈局、體制機制上進一步拓展」。

過去40年,內地從設立深圳、珠海、汕頭、廈門4個經濟特區,到開放14個沿海城市,從開放海南洋浦新區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區等,到4年前推出上海及各地的10多個自貿區,開放步伐可謂逐步加大。而據內地傳媒報道,比自貿區自由度更大的全國首個自由貿易港可能今年內在上海推出。

據報道,上海市已經形成了建設自由貿易港的初步方案。習近平在去年10月的十九大報告就曾提出,要「賦予自由貿易試驗區更大改革自主權,探索建設自由貿易港」。
香港在貿易金融等方面已經面臨新加坡的挑戰,當內地自由港遍地開花之際,國際資本對香港的垂青會否仍一如既往?本港的國際金融中心地位在區內是否仍一枝獨秀?這些都是特區政府和業界要認真思考的問題。

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