2018年1月25日 星期四

浸大普通話教育風波 處理勿攙雜政治考慮

<轉載自2018125 明報 社評>

10多名浸大學生不滿校方的普通話教育安排,「佔領」語文中心,其間有人辱罵教職員及口出粗言,引發連場風波。撥開重重枝節,事件本質離不開語言認同和身分政治,部分學生對普通話有牴觸情緒,要求廢除普通話及格的畢業要求,不斷向校方施壓。每間大學都有自己的教育理念,不應受任何形式的政治壓力左右,也沒有理由因為社會政治氛圍而隨波逐流。普通話教育安排是浸大校政,校方應本着教育專業態度處理,不應攙雜政治考慮,又或但求息事寧人。

普通話淪為鬥爭對象 身分政治成爭議核心

「佔領」語文中心視頻曝光後,不少市民對於學生威嚇教職員及口出粗言,均感震驚。尊師重道是基本道德倫理,學生對學校職員也不應惡言相向。對待學生可以寬大,惟不代表應該縱容。涉事浸大學生會會長劉子頎道歉是基本責任,不過他堅稱情緒失控,源於浸大「忽視同學訴求」,校方要「負上一定責任」,未免諉過於人。大學生是成年人,應有自制能力和分寸,錯了就是錯了,不應該找藉口開脫。

劉子頎與事件另一主角、中醫院5年級生陳樂行,均因當日不當言行被罰暫時停學,直至紀律聆訊完成為止。校方強調是根據《學生守則規條》和學生紀律處理程序辦事,學生會則質疑是「未審先判」。有關懲罰憑據是否充分,兩人有權提出質疑,然而將懲處扯上「政治打壓」、「滿足內地要求」云云,未免太快跳進陰謀論。風波發生後,陳樂行到廣東省中醫院實習,其間遭內地網民「起底」恐嚇。陳不滿浸大校長沒有半句慰問,「對其人身安全威脅無動於中」,然而平情而論,校方得知情况後,已提出為他安排在港實習。陳指控校方沒有照顧學生安全,說法並不公道。

劉、陳希望聚焦討論普通話教育安排,既然他們不想因為粗口風波轉移視線,也沒理由讓內地民粹媒體和網民的瘋言瘋語轉移討論焦點。浸大規定,學生必須修讀指定中文、英文與演說技巧課程並考試及格,否則不得畢業。10年前開始,浸大也將普通話列為必修課,考試及格方可畢業。全球說華語人口達11億,僅次於英語人口的15億,浸大希望確保學生有足夠的兩文三語表達能力,畢業後有更多發展機會,不見得有何問題,政策推行初期也不見得有激烈爭議。然而隨着近年本港政治氛圍起變,普通話也被視為一種「政治象徵」,成為鬥爭對象。

陳樂行前年發起公投,要求廢除普通話畢業門檻,投票學生有九成支持。其後校方同意增加豁免試機制,未料去年底首次測試,有七成考生不及格,必須修讀普通話課程。有學生質疑豁免試評分準則不公道不透明,又不能上訴,觸發佔領語文中心行動。浸大首度引入普通話豁免試,易生技術問題,學生要求修正,只要有根有據,絕非不合理要求,可是如果一些學生是因為政治原因,拒絕學習普通話,則是另一回事。要求取消普通話畢業門檻,不等於主張「港獨」,惟部分人要求「廢普」,背後確有濃烈身分政治色彩,例如浸大學生會便明言,不認同浸大「作為一間立足香港的大學,需要將普通話能力列作畢業要求」。

風波政治化情况堪憂 勿為息事寧人捨理想

綜觀本港八大院校,除了浸大,科大、教大和嶺大也有普通話必修課或普通話畢業門檻。教育理念是學校靈魂,每間大學都有自己的理念,校方與學生的關係,也不應該是商戶討好客人的關係,學校有權亦有需要判斷,怎麼樣的教育對學生最好,有關普通話教育安排的討論,應該以此作為立足點,不應該攙雜政治考慮。

有浸大資深教師呼籲取消普通話畢業要求,認為近年香港政治氣候大變,導致普通話畢業要求不受歡迎,既然學生沒有學習動機,規定必須上普通話課對師生都是折磨,云云。有關做法,對校方也許是政治上最容易的出路,然而亦是最差的一着,等同接受政治因素影響教育決定。此例一開,任何校外校內政治勢力,都會向校方埋手施壓,提出種種政治化的教育要求。大學教育重視校政民主,卻不等於由學生說了算,校方也不應抱有息事寧人的處事心態。若說學生不想讀,校方就放棄既有的教育理念,那為何還要辦學?若說本港一半大學都沒有普通話畢業要求,浸大取消這個硬性要求也說得過去,否則如此取態,未免人云亦云,缺乏學校自己的主見。

由於教育理念各有不同,不同院校課程亦各有特色,例如一些院校就硬性規定學生接受宗教教育,學生若不喜歡,大可選擇入讀其他院校。將校方一些必修課規定,說成是「制度暴力」,未免偏離事態本質。校方與學生出現分歧,必須做好溝通,然而校方高層也不能隨波逐流,更不應因為懼怕政治風浪,採取明哲保身、多一事不如少一事的態度。這次浸大普通話風波,正有變得政治化之勢,港大、中大民主牆出現粗言辱罵浸大校長的字句,言辭令人震驚;浸大學生考慮發起罷課,事態令人憂慮。校園成為政治鬥爭角力場,教育愈益政治化,長遠受害的一定是教育水平和質素。

Put politics aside in handling BU's Putonghua controversy

UNHAPPY with the university's arrangement regarding Putonghua education, a dozen Baptist University (BU) students "occupied" the Language Centre in the course of which someone insulted and swore at the teachers and staff, provoking a series of controversies. The mass of extraneous details aside, the incident is in essence one of linguistic and political identity. Some students resist Putonghua and keep putting pressure on the university administration in the hope that the Putonghua proficiency requirement for graduation would be waived. Every university has its own education philosophy which should not be influenced by political pressure no matter what form it takes. Nor should a university drift with the tide and allow itself to be influenced by the political climate of society. BU's arrangement on Putonghua education is its own affairs and policy. The university administration should deal with it professionally as educators and should not allow political consideration to influence them or adopt a conciliatory stance simply to avoid further troubles.

Putonghua was listed as a required course in BU a decade ago and students must pass the Putonghua proficiency examination in order to graduate. When the policy was first introduced, it was not a contentious issue. However, due to changes in the political climate in recent years, Putonghua is now seen as a "political symbol" and has become a target of political struggles.

Chan Lok-hang, a fifth-year Chinese medicine student, initiated a referendum the year before last, demanding the repeal of the Putonghua requirement for graduation. 90% of the students who voted supported the demand. The university administration agreed to introduce an exemption test subsequently. However, when the test was given for the first time at the end of last year, 70% of the students failed. Some students questioned the assessment criteria of the exemption test, triggering the occupation of the Language Centre. Since this is the first time BU has introduced the exemption test, there could be technical problems. It is not unreasonable for students to demand to change and improve the test if there is any ground to do so. It is another issue if the students refuse to learn Putonghua for political reasons. To demand the repeal of the Putonghua requirement does not mean to advocate "Hong Kong independence", but there is a strong tint of identity politics behind some people's demand to "abolish Putonghua". For example, BU's student union has stated publicly that they do not think that "as a university based in Hong Kong, (BU) should list Putonghua proficiency as a graduation requirement".

There are 8 UGC-funded universities in Hong Kong. Apart from BU, three other universities, namely Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Education University of Hong Kong and Lingnan University, also list Putonghua as a required course for graduation. Since each university has its own education philosophy, courses offered by each university have their own unique features. For example, in some universities, it is compulsory for students to receive religious education. Those who label specific requirements of any university regarding compulsory courses as "structural violence" have deviated too far from the nature of the state of affairs. The university administration should do a good job in communicating with the students when dealing with differences between the university and students. However, in the meantime, the management of the university must not drift with the current political climate or adopt an attitude to keep out of trouble.

The Putonghua incident of BU is becoming politicised. Foul language and abusive words targeting the BU president have appeared on the democracy walls of the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University. BU students are considering class boycotts. The development of the incident is worrying. Campuses have become wrestling rings of political struggles and education is becoming more and more politicised. Under these circumstances, our education standards and quality will suffer in the long term.

浸大普通話教育風波 處理勿攙雜政治考慮

10多名浸大學生不滿校方的普通話教育安排,「佔領」語文中心,其間有人辱罵教職員及口出粗言,引發連場風波。撥開重重枝節,事件本質離不開語言認同和身分政治,部分學生對普通話有牴觸情緒,要求廢除普通話及格的畢業要求,不斷向校方施壓。每間大學都有自己的教育理念,不應受任何形式的政治壓力左右,也沒有理由因為社會政治氛圍而隨波逐流。普通話教育安排是浸大校政,校方應本着教育專業態度處理,不應攙雜政治考慮,又或但求息事寧人。

10年前開始,浸大將普通話列為必修課,考試及格方可畢業。政策推行初期不見得有激烈爭議。然而隨着近年本港政治氛圍起變,普通話被視為一種「政治象徵」,成為鬥爭對象。

中醫院5年級生陳樂行前年發起公投,要求廢除普通話畢業門檻,投票學生有九成支持。其後校方同意增加豁免試機制,未料去年底首次測試,有七成考生不及格。有學生質疑豁免試評分準則,觸發佔領語文中心行動。浸大首度引入普通話豁免試,易生技術問題,學生要求修正,只要有根有據,絕非不合理,可是如果學生是因為政治原因,拒絕學習普通話,則是另一回事。要求取消普通話畢業門檻,不等於主張「港獨」,惟部分人要求「廢普」,背後確有濃烈身分政治色彩,例如浸大學生會便明言,不認同浸大「作為一間立足香港的大學,需要將普通話能力列作畢業要求」。

綜觀本港八大院校,除了浸大,科大、教大和嶺大也有普通話必修課或普通話畢業門檻。由於教育理念各有不同,不同院校課程亦各有特色,例如一些院校就硬性規定學生接受宗教教育。將校方一些必修課規定,說成是「制度暴力」,未免偏離事態本質。校方與學生出現分歧,必須做好溝通,然而校方高層也不能隨波逐流,採取明哲保身、多一事不如少一事的態度。

這次浸大普通話風波,正有變得政治化之勢,港大、中大民主牆出現粗言辱罵浸大校長的字句;浸大學生考慮發起罷課,事態令人憂慮。校園成為政治鬥爭角力場,教育愈益政治化,長遠受害的一定是教育水平和質素。

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