2013年9月6日 星期五

港樓市泡沫冠絕全球 政府須堅持辣招力度


<轉載自201396 明報 社評>

政府先後推出3項稅務措施,遏抑樓市需求,初步見到成效,不過,即使如此,從外國研究機構以至本港樓價指數顯示,「辣招」只能使樓市供不應求的景不致惡化,在形成樓市泡沫的因素仍未消除之前,政府在辣招方面不應該鬆懈,必須堅持力度,繼續遏制炒賣需求,使一旦樓市泡沫爆破之時,減低對香港的衝擊和損害。

泡沫內因外因未改變 辣招可遏制情惡化

2008年金融海嘯以來,本港樓市在供應不足、超低息環境下升,5年來,各類樓宇價格升幅,由接近1倍或超過1倍不等,形成了巨大泡沫,使樓市風險極高,連國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)今年初評估香港經濟時,也指出「物業市場仍然是香港經濟內部的主要風險」。最新一期《經濟學人》發表研究報告,指出由1970年代中期至今計算各地樓價,在評估住戶負擔能力及供款比率,以及比較樓價及租金之後,發現本港目前的樓市泡沫全球最高。研究指出,今年本港樓價較去年升了18.4%,由2008年首季以來升幅更達90.9%,是全球發達地區之冠。

《經濟學人》的報告,並不使人詫異,因為這是幾年來港人的切身感受,許多人因為樓價遠超可負擔水平而望樓興嘆、捱貴租。另外,按近期一家國際物業顧問行的統計,現時本港平均住宅供樓負擔比率約為59%,已處於「警戒」水平,若未來按揭息率上升2厘,就算樓價調整10%,供樓負擔水平仍會升至約70%的「危險」水平。可見整體而言,樓市泡沫是本港經濟的隱憂,對供樓市民也帶來沉重負擔和風險。

本港樓市還出現一種情,即使接連推出辣招(即是3項印花稅),今年上半年樓市成交量(包括一手和二手樓宇)不到2.8萬宗,較去年同期減少了33%,但是樓價卻未隨量跌而顯著下調。根據中原城市領先指數,二手樓價由今年3月中的123.66點歷史高位,到8月底為119.85點,跌了不到4點。這些數字,說明辣招只能使樓市泡沫不致進一步惡化,對於讓泡沫慢慢泄氣,減低一旦爆破的破壞力,迄今效用有限。

這次樓市泡沫,內因是樓市供求失衡,外因是超低息環境所造成。關於超低息環境,雖云美國聯儲局開始部署「退市」,但是決定退市步伐的美國通脹走勢和勞工市場改善進度,仍然未明朗,數據時好時壞,所以,聯儲局何時正式退市,仍是未知之數;另外,即使聯儲局開始退市,最初極可能只是調整買債策略,不會即時加息,所以,本港的超低息環境有可能仍會維持一段時間。

至於樓市供求失衡,預期今年新樓落成量會較往年增加,但是仍然不到1.4萬個單位,中長期而言,按長策會文件揭示未來10年每年供應4.7萬個單位,一般認為與實際需求有落差,加上政府受缺乏可用土地所困,整體供應只會偏緊,看不到失衡會得到根本改善。

由於導致樓市泡沫的兩個主要因素依然存在,而辣招已經驗證可以使泡沫不致惡化,所以,現在看不到撤銷或所謂「減辣」的理由。

豁免本地公司慈善團體 易濫用難規管不應接納

立法會個別議員或黨派分別要求「減辣」,包括要求本地居民以公司形式和慈善團體買樓,可獲豁免繳交相等於樓價15%的買家印花稅(BSD)。所謂本地公司買樓可豁免BSD,若政府接納,則這個規定就形同虛設,因為本地公司若與母公司有股份易手,政府無從查察,特別是若涉及海外母公司持有本地公司,更無法追蹤;所以,豁免本地公司買樓繳稅,難防也難阻境外人藉本地公司名義炒樓。

至於慈善團體,現在根據《稅務條例》88條註冊成為非牟利機構的組織有7000多家,性質各式各樣,包括曲藝社、校友會、聯誼會等,一些基金會則與地產集團有關,若它們買樓都可豁免BSD,極可能出現濫用;且,所謂非牟利機構是否不牟利,證諸一些以教會名義開辦的醫院的牟利事實,若予以豁免,肯定會是一個大窟窿,挫損BSD的效用。

立法會復會之後,政府將提出修例完成相關立法程序。不過,據知地產業界已經開始大力游說,爭取減低BSD的力度,有多少議員會響應地產商的「號召」,目前不知道,只能期望議員少從業界利益眼,多從公利益考慮。樓市泡沫已經使香港經濟危如累卵,而辣招又能收到一定效用,現在並無降低力度之理,而且開徵BSD只是非常時期的非常措施,一旦危機解除,屆時就會恢復常態。不過,在促使議員顧全大局的同時,首要政府立場堅定,切勿就辣招力度退讓,要盡量用事實理據說服更多議員,爭取支持,同時要善用資料理據作更多解說,讓公知道辣招在應對非常時期的必要,爭取市民認同,藉此影響民選議員的取態。


Editorial

Tough measures on the property market should remain

THE GOVERNMENT imposed three property tax measures one after another to curb demand in the property market. They have now produced some initial results. However, as demonstrated by some foreign research institutes' reports and Hong Kong property price indices, these measures have only prevented the shortfall in the housing supply from getting worse. The factors that have contributed to the property bubble remain. The government should not let up until these factors are eliminated. It should remain steadfast in carrying out the measures with full force to curb speculative demand, so as to lessen the impact and harm Hong Kong might sustain should the property bubble burst.

 

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the prices of different kinds of property have nearly doubled or more than doubled thanks to two factors: inadequate housing supply and ultra-low interest rates. A huge housing bubble has thus formed. The latest issue of The Economist runs a report comparing the property price trends from the mid-1970s to the present in different parts of the world. It comes to this conclusion: Hong Kong is having the biggest property bubble in the world. Property prices in our city, according to the magazine, are 18.4 per cent up on last year, and have risen 90.9 per cent since the first quarter of the year 2008, more than in any other developed region.

The Economist report has come as no surprise to Hong Kong people - for years they have been feeling at first hand what the magazine has found out. Property prices being far above what they can afford, many of them are moaning about how high rents are and how difficult it is to buy their own flats. And, according to an international property consultancy, the average housing affordability ratio in Hong Kong is now at an "alarming" level of 59%. If mortgage rates rise by 2%, even a 10 per cent correction in property prices won't prevent the ratio from reaching about 70% - a "dangerous" level.

In spite of this, some legislators and political parties are calling for the "tempering" of the measures. Their suggestions include exempting Hong Kong residents from paying the Buyer's Stamp Duty (BSD, equivalent to 15% of the property price) if they are buying on behalf of a company or charity. The government is to propose amendments to the measures and complete the legislative process after the Legislative Council reconvenes. We understand that the real estate agency industry has begun vigorously lobbying for the government's scaling down of the BSD measure.

The measures have proved effective in preventing the bubble from worsening. As the two contributing factors in Hong Kong's property bubble continue to exist, we can't see why the "tough measures" should be withdrawn or "tempered".

The property bubble has already put Hong Kong's economy in great danger. There is no reason why the government should scale down the measures, which have to a certain extent proved effective. On this matter the government should adopt a tough stance. It should not give ground over how vigorously it should carry out the measures. It should try its best to present facts and arguments to gain more lawmakers' support. And, with a view to garnering citizens' support and thereby influencing those democratically elected lawmakers to change their stance, it should make good use of available information to tell the public why these measures are needed at such an unusual time.

明報社評2013.09.06﹕港樓市泡沫冠絕全球 政府須堅持辣招力度

政府先後推出3項稅務措施,遏抑樓市需求,初步見到成效,不過,即使如此,從外國研究機構以至本港樓價指數顯示,「辣招」只能使樓市供不應求的景不致惡化,在形成樓市泡沫的因素仍未消除之前,政府在辣招方面不應該鬆懈,必須堅持力度,繼續遏制炒賣需求,使一旦樓市泡沫爆破之時,減低對香港的衝擊和損害。

2008年金融海嘯以來,本港樓市在供應不足、超低息環境下升,5年來,各類樓宇價格升幅,由接近1倍或超過1倍不等,形成了巨大泡沫。最新一期《經濟學人》發表研究報告,指出由1970年代中期至今計算各地樓價,發現本港目前的樓市泡沫全球最高。研究指出,今年本港樓價較去年升了18.4%,由2008年首季以來升幅更達90.9%,是全球發達地區之冠。

《經濟學人》的報告,並不使人詫異,因為這是幾年來港人的切身感受,許多人因為樓價遠超可負擔水平而望樓興嘆、捱貴租。另外,按近期一家國際物業顧問行的統計,現時本港平均住宅供樓負擔比率約為59%,已處於「警戒」水平,若未來按揭息率上升2厘,就算樓價調整10%,供樓負擔水平仍會升至約70%的「危險」水平。

立法會個別議員或黨派分別要求「減辣」,包括要求本地居民以公司形式和慈善團體買樓,可獲豁免繳交相等於樓價15%的買家印花稅(BSD)。立法會復會之後,政府將提出修例完成相關立法程序。不過,據知地產業界已經開始大力游說,爭取減低BSD的力度。

由於導致樓市泡沫的兩個主要因素依然存在,而辣招已經驗證可以使泡沫不致惡化,所以,現在看不到撤銷或所謂「減辣」的理由。

樓市泡沫已經使香港經濟危如累卵,而辣招又能收到一定效用,現在並無降低力度之理。政府首要立場堅定,切勿就辣招力度退讓,要盡量用事實理據說服更多議員,爭取支持,同時要善用資料理據作更多解說,讓公眾知道辣招在應對非常時期的必要,爭取市民認同,藉此影響民選議員的取態。

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