2015年10月26日 星期一

兩岸高調紀念台灣光復的意義

<轉載自20151026 明報 社評>
70年前的1025日,在台北市公會堂(現中山堂)內,中華民國代表陳儀將軍與日本台灣總督安藤利吉完成降書交接,台灣自此重歸中國版圖。今年,海峽兩岸分別高調舉辦紀念活動。北京的紀念大會,出席者規格較10年前提升;在台北,今年的光復節紀念大會也「擴大舉辦」。與之前紀念抗戰70周年的國共之爭略有不同,今次台灣光復紀念活動,兩岸似已跳出爭搶話語權的窠臼。
1895年,因清廷甲午戰敗,《馬關條約》將台灣割讓日本。今年不僅是台灣回歸70周年,也是台灣被割讓120周年。正如全國政協主席俞正聲所言,「抗戰勝利、台灣光復,洗刷了近代以來中國屢遭外來侵略的民族恥辱,重新確立了中國在世界上的大國地位」。兩岸紀念台灣光復,不僅有重要歷史意義,也有深刻現實意義。
跳出國共之爭窠臼突顯台民抗日史實
今年以來,在台灣,關於歷史記憶出現了眾多爭議,最令人側目者,莫過於前總統李登輝指出,「直至70年前,日本和台灣『同為一國』。正因為是『同為一國』,並沒有台灣與日本戰鬥的事實」,在島內引發軒然大波。
個體記憶雖應尊重,但歷史真相卻不容竄改。大量史料證明,在日本殖民統治50年間,台灣人民反日抗爭從未停止,從1896年的雲林大屠殺到1930年的霧社起義,都是血的紀錄。此外,台灣知識分子亦曾展開過「文化抗日」、「社運抗日」。
中國收復台灣的努力也早於1945年。早在19404月初,就有國民參政會成員向國府聯署提議廢除《馬關條約》,收復台灣。194512月的《國民政府對日宣戰文》中宣告,所有一切條約協定合同,有涉及中日間之關係者,一律廢止。因此,《馬關條約》屬於廢止之列。19424月,國民政府在重慶掀起了聲勢浩大的收復台灣運動。
開羅宣言確具法效地位未定台獨濫觴
台灣回歸也是二次世界大戰後國際伸張正義、重建全球政治秩序的結果。1943年中、英、美三國首腦達成(後亦獲蘇聯背書)的《開羅宣言》中明文規定,「日本自中國所得到的所有領土,比如滿洲、台灣及澎湖群島,應該歸還給中華民國」。日本投降所接受的《波茨坦公告》又重申,《開羅宣言》諸內容必須得以實施。所以說,台灣光復亦反映了二戰後的國際政治現實。
多年來,國際上和台灣島內都有人否定《開羅宣言》的法律效力,強調日本在1951年的《舊金山和約》中,僅宣布放棄對台灣、澎湖的權利,並未明確將其歸還任何國家,因此,「台灣地位未定」,云云。
其實,《開羅宣言》和《波茨坦公告》是同盟國對戰後國際政治秩序和領土主權的白紙黑字聲明,也是日本投降所遵從的條件,其國際法律效力毋庸置疑。而《舊金山和約》則是在冷戰開始後,46國單方面對日媾和的產物,重點在恢復日本主權。而且海峽兩岸的中華人民共和國、中華民國政府,都無派人出席。
「台灣地位未定」論實質是「台獨」理論的濫觴,從歷史上看,日本政客及親日政客鼓吹最力,這也是「台獨」的大本營在日本的原因。
成果不止光復寶島南海主權亦應維護
台灣人民並非天然「親日」。根據當時的傳媒報道,光復之初,台灣民眾無不歡欣鼓舞,「街上鑼鼓喧天,鞭炮聲不斷,戶戶張燈結綵」。連後來「二二八事件」的受難者阮朝日之女都憶述其父815日聽到日本投降的消息興奮地大喊,「我們回歸中國了,我們要做中國人了,不再做日本人!」只是後來國府在台灣的施政不彰,才令人民失望,釀成「二二八」慘劇,傷痕至今未能痊癒。箇中教訓,值得當政者記取。
今日紀念台灣光復,對台灣的意義,就是要廓清台灣當年的光復,不僅於法有據,而且是國際正義伸張的結果。台灣一些人容或對現政權有所不滿,對彼岸有所疑懼,但應不至於數典忘祖,認賊作父。
今日紀念台灣光復,還有另一重意義,就是中國當年收復的不僅是台灣、澎湖,還有南海諸島。日本投降後,1947年中國海軍在日軍撤出後巡航南海,完成了西沙永興島、南沙太平等島命名和登島立碑作業,並首次劃定了「九段線」。日方也在《舊金山和約》中聲明放棄了在南海諸島的權利。上述舉動當時在國際上波瀾不興。70年後,南海諸島頻遭周邊國家蠶食侵佔,美國上下其手,日本也想插上一腳。南海諸島和台灣一樣,都是二戰後光復的國土。今日紀念台灣光復,既有前事不忘、鑑往知來之意,也有震懾宵小、維護主權之功。

The importance of commemorating the recovery of Taiwan
ON 25 October seventy years ago, Chen Yi, a general representing the Republic of China, received the instrument of surrender from Rikichi Ando, the Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan, in the Taipei City Hall (now named Zhongshan Hall). This marked Taiwan's return to Chinese sovereignty. This year, the governments across the Taiwan Strait have held events commemorating the recovery of Taiwan in a high-profile manner. It seems that the governments have at last given up the fight for the "exclusive right" to commemorate the recovery.
In 1895, following the Qing Dynasty's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed, and Taiwan was ceded to Japan. This year marks not only the 70th anniversary of Taiwan's return to Chinese sovereignty, but also the 120th anniversary of Taiwan's cession. As Yu Zhengsheng, the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, has said, the victory over Japanese aggression and the recovery of Taiwan lifted China out of the national humiliation of being repeatedly subjected to foreign aggression, and reestablished China's status as a major power in the world. The commemorative events held across the Taiwan Strait are full of important historical and practical meanings.
Since the beginning of this year, a lot of controversy has been aroused by some people's recollections of Taiwanese history. Of all those assertions, the most outrageous was made by Lee Teng-hui, the former Taiwanese President. Lee said that "Japan and Taiwan were one country until 70 years ago. As they were one country, Taiwan did not in fact fight against Japan," arousing a lot of controversy on the island.
While the memories of individuals should be respected, the historical truth should not be distorted. A lot of historical materials show that the Taiwanese people never gave up rebelling against the Japanese during their 50-year colonial rule. The 1896 massacre in Yunlin County and the 1930 Wushe incident were all historical events marked by blood. Furthermore, Taiwanese intellectuals launched cultural and social movements against Japanese rule.
The Chinese government's efforts to recover Taiwan began earlier than 1945. In early April in 1940, members of the National Political council submitted a signed petition to the government, proposing the repudiation of the Treaty of Shimonoseki and the recovery of Taiwan. The Chinese Nationalist Government's Declaration of War against Japan repudiated all treaties and agreements concerning China and Japan, and they included the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In April 1942, the Chinese Nationalist government staged a large-scale movement for the recovery of Taiwan in Chongqing.
There is another meaning in today's commemoration of the recovery of Taiwan. What China recovered in that year included not only Taiwan and Penghu, but also the South China Sea islands. After Japan surrendered, the Chinese navy conducted a patrol of the South China Sea, named islands like Yongxing Island (of the Paracel Islands) and Taiping island (of the Spratly Islands), erected monuments on the islands, and delineated the nine-dotted line for the first time. Japan announced that it would give up every right on the South China Sea islands in the Treaty of San Francisco. 70 years have passed since then, and the South China Sea islands have been repeatedly invaded and occupied by China's neighbours, with the United States trying to take advantage of the situation and Japan interfering in the affair. The South China Sea islands, just like Taiwan, are Chinese territory recovered after the Second World War. Today's commemoration of the recovery of Taiwan contains several messages: Not only do we remember what happened in the past, we will also let history be our guide for the future. It also serves as a deterrent to those casting covetous eyes on the islands, as well as a demonstration of China's determination to maintain territorial integrity.
兩岸高調紀念台灣光復的意義
70年前的1025日,在台北市公會堂(現中山堂)內,中華民國代表陳儀將軍與日本台灣總督安藤利吉完成降書交接,台灣自此重歸中國版圖。今年,海峽兩岸分別高調舉辦紀念活動,兩岸似已跳出爭搶話語權的窠臼。
1895年,因清廷甲午戰敗,《馬關條約》將台灣割讓日本。今年不僅是台灣回歸70周年,也是台灣被割讓120周年。正如全國政協主席俞正聲所言,「抗戰勝利、台灣光復,洗刷了近代以來中國屢遭外來侵略的民族恥辱,重新確立了中國在世界上的大國地位」。兩岸紀念台灣光復,不僅有重要歷史意義,也有深刻現實意義。
今年以來,在台灣,關於歷史記憶出現了眾多爭議,最令人側目者,莫過於前總統李登輝指出,「直至70年前,日本和台灣『同為一國』。正因為是『同為一國』,並沒有台灣與日本戰鬥的事實」,在島內引發軒然大波。
個體記憶雖應尊重,但歷史真相卻不容竄改。大量史料證明,在日本殖民統治50年間,台灣人民反日抗爭從未停止,從1896年的雲林大屠殺到1930年的霧社起義,都是血的紀錄。此外,台灣知識分子亦曾展開過「文化抗日」、「社運抗日」。
中國收復台灣的努力也早於1945年。早在19404月初,就有國民參政會成員向國府聯署提議廢除《馬關條約》,收復台灣。《國民政府對日宣戰文》中宣告,所有一切條約協定合同,有涉及中日間之關係者,一律廢止。因此,《馬關條約》屬於廢止之列。19424月,國民政府在重慶掀起了聲勢浩大的收復台灣運動。
今日紀念台灣光復,還有另一重意義,就是中國當年收復的不僅是台灣、澎湖,還有南海諸島。日本投降後,1947年中國海軍在日軍撤出後巡航南海,完成了西沙永興島、南沙太平等島命名和登島立碑作業,並首次劃定了「九段線」。日方也在《舊金山和約》中聲明放棄了在南海諸島的權利。70年後,南海諸島頻遭周邊國家蠶食侵佔,美國上下其手,日本也想插上一腳。南海諸島和台灣一樣,都是二戰後光復的國土。今日紀念台灣光復,既有前事不忘、鑑往知來之意,也有震懾宵小、維護主權之功。

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