<轉載自2013年8月16日 明報 社評>
昨日,是日本侵華戰爭的戰敗日,日本首相安倍晉三將之蛻變成為軍國主義招魂的節日,為他第2次執政之後持續操作的右傾取態,帶來階段性高潮。日本朝野蜂擁到靖國神社參拜戰犯和安倍晉三在「終戰紀念日」的講話,反映日本不僅不承認侵略那麼簡單,嚴格而言是向曾經被皇軍獸兵蹂躪殘害過的亞洲國家和人民發出挑釁。作為受害最深的中國和中國人民別無選擇,只有做最壞打算,做最好準備,應對新時期的日本挑釁。
安倍不提侵略反省 「永不再戰」 付諸闕如
事實上,即使安倍並未親臨靖國神社參拜,但是他以「自民黨總裁」名義向神社奉獻祭祀費,被解讀為曲線參拜,同時透過親信說對未能參拜靖國神社感到非常抱歉,又表示「如果要參拜的話,就要在『例行大祭』時參拜」,在在顯示他心繫神社之情。
靖國神社問題,主要是供奉了14名甲級戰犯,日本官方若參拜,會被認為是對軍國主義的肯定。安倍對於二戰日軍的尊崇,近日一再表露無遺,包括本月6日在廣島舉行的記者會、給靖國神社奉獻祭祀費,都是對「陣亡者」表達尊崇之念;安倍在昨日的戰敗紀念日講話,還說到今日享有的繁榮,是二戰犧牲者的結果(大意),反映他美化侵略。安倍雖未親臨靖國神社,卻對閣員前往參拜開綠燈,加上他在參拜議題繞來繞去,配合3名閣員和近百名國會議員蜂擁拜祭,日本朝野合演的靖國神社參拜大騷,成為近年矚目焦點。在這種背景下,安倍所說「考慮到與中國、韓國的關係」云云,就顯得虛偽矯情。
除了靖國神社問題,安倍在戰敗紀念日的致辭,未提及日本在二戰對亞洲各國帶來痛苦及反省,也未提到「永不再戰誓言」,這是日本在位首相20年來在戰敗紀念日致辭中,首次出現這種情况。安倍在2006年首次執政時,在同一場合致辭說過「對亞洲各國帶來莫大的損害與痛苦」、「深切地反省、謹對罹難者致哀」,他今年致辭「遺漏」這兩點,以安倍的身分,不可能不知道箇中意義和影響,說明他根本不在乎亞洲國家的感受;另外,在沒有「永不再戰誓言」情况下,他反而強調戰後日本向各國和各地區伸出援手,這個說法,精神上與「大東亞共榮圈」不無契合之處。
還有,今年新年首個工作天上班時,安倍晉三統率執政自民黨,齊唱被指是軍國主義象徵的《君之代》國歌;近期,二戰時使用的旭日旗(即太陽旗)也重新歸位;那艘排水量約2萬噸、規模相當於航空母艦的「護衛艦」,近期下水,被命名為「出雲號」,對中國而言,當年侵略中國的日本艦隊,「出雲號」是旗艦,後來在太平洋被美軍擊沉,安倍政權重用「出雲號」,其居心,單說傷害中國人民的感情已經不足以形容,根本是對中國和中國人民的挑釁。
《君之代》 太陽旗 安倍沉湎軍國輝煌
日本對中國以正確看待和處理歷史問題作為兩國交往的前提,不以為然,不過,觀乎安倍晉三政權的表現,誰不願意走出歷史陰影?《君之代》、旭日旗、「出雲號」,都是軍國主義的符號,安倍以事實向世人宣示:日本停留在軍國主義的思維,沉緬在向外侵略的光輝歲月。中國蒙受軍國主義的極大損害和痛苦,面對這樣的日本,中國除了堅持要求日本正視歷史、以史為鑑,還可以做什麼?
日本向右傾之路滑下去,軍國主義最終會否主導日本,尚待觀察,不過,從安倍一再表示推動修憲、日本成為一個「正常國家」是他對國家的使命等,有理由相信,在安倍執政的日子,日本將不吝於持續給中國製造麻煩和挑釁,而他日即使安倍落台,經他改造後的日本,恐怕在國家意志、對外政策以至軍事力量等,已經出現質變,使得日本之存在,對中國已非友好隣邦,而是一個如當年一樣覷覦着中國的敵人。當然,今日的中國,已非百年前積弱的中國,應該有能力應付敵對強隣。
對於日本,中國首要調整心態,就是認識到所謂中日友好、世世代代友好,現實上根本不存在,日本是實實在在的戰略對手,中國只能做最壞打算、做最好準備,應對新時期的日本挑戰。目前,日本視中國如無物,例如「出雲號」的命名,中國莫奈之何,但是以中國的綜合國力,也不是全無反制之力。以釣魚島事件為例,30多年來,中國過於被動,日本乘虛而入,形成實際控制釣魚島的局面,去年9月,日本民主黨政府以所謂「購島」伎倆,意圖進一步控制釣魚島,中國才如夢初覺,開始以不怕對抗、不怕衝撞的思維,派海監、海警等公務船到釣魚島定期巡航,日本雖然聲聲抗議,但是總的而言徒呼荷荷。中國在釣魚島的顯現奪回不少空間,締造了釣魚島主權有爭議的客觀事實。
釣魚島在中日只是一個點,兩國對抗的廣度和深度當然大很多,那是全方位的對抗,需要作全盤規劃,制訂策略,有序執行和應對。日本作為隣居,中國不能選擇,但是如何與這樣的隣居相處,肯定有很多選擇。總之,日本的變化,應視為激勵中國奮發向上的動力,特別是軍國主義正在復活的日本,中國要視之為機會,一個洗雪歷史恥辱的機會。
Editorial
Revival of militarism will not bring about world peace
YESTERDAY (August 15) Shinzo Abe, holding office as Japanese prime minister for the second time, virtually turned the Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day) into a festival for the revival of militarism, marking a new phase of his right-wing administration. The speech he made on what the Japanese call the "memorial day for the end of the war", together with the fact that Japanese officials and citizens flocked to the Yasukuni Shrine and paid their respects to war criminals, reflects not only a denial of military aggression. They are, strictly speaking, provocation to all those Asian nations on whom the Japanese Imperial Forces inflicted bestial cruelty. Faced with Japan's likely provocation in this new era, China and the Chinese people, who suffered most in the Japanese invasion, have no choice but to do their best and prepare for the worst.
Though he didn't visit the shrine in person, Shinzo Abe made a ritual offering to it in his capacity as president of the Liberal Democratic Party. This is interpreted as an indirect way of paying his respects to the war criminals. "He regrets that he can not visit the shrine," he had one of his trusted lieutenants tell the public. That Abe's thoughts are with the shrine is evident.
Furthermore, in the V-J Day speech yesterday, Abe failed to mention the following: the pain and suffering inflicted by Japan on other Asian nations during WWII, the promise that his country would reflect on its sins, and the pledge that Japan would never go to war again. This is the first time in 20 years a Japanese prime minister has not included these words in his speech on the V-J Day. And on the first working day of this year, the Liberal Democrats, following Abe's lead, sang Kimigayo, a national anthem regarded as symbolic of Japanese militarism. The Rising Sun Flag used in WWII has recently been reinstated. And a so-called "corvette", which with a displacement of around 20,000 tons is comparable to an aircraft carrier, has been named "Izumo", the name of the flagship of a Japanese fleet used in the invasion of China (the flagship was later sunk by the Americans in the Pacific). To say that the naming has hurt Chinese people's feelings is an understatement. To China and the Chinese people, it is a provocative act.
Though Japan is sliding further to the right, it remains to be seen whether it will again be gripped by militarism. That said, Shinzo Abe has indeed reiterated that the amendment of Japan's constitution, which he says will make Japan a "normal country", is his mission. We have reason to believe that he won't hesitate to continually provoke China and cause it trouble during his premiership. Even after he has stepped down, his country, having been "reinvented" by him, might already have become a qualitatively different one in terms of its spirit, foreign policy and even military strength. All this means that rather than a friendly country to China, Japan might once again be an enemy casting covetous eyes on us - just like what it was during WWII.
To deal with this new Japan, China has to change its mindset. It must realise that Sino-Japanese friendship is impossible at the moment, let alone a friendship that will remain forever. But we should also take a changed Japan as a motivation for exerting ourselves. We should think that, if Japan is once again haunted by the spirits of militarism, an opportunity will arise - an opportunity for our country to emerge from its past humiliations stronger.
明報社評2013.08.16﹕一個拜鬼的日本 必無和平的世界
昨日,是日本侵華戰爭的戰敗日,日本首相安倍晉三將之蛻變成為軍國主義招魂的節日,為他第2次執政之後持續操作的右傾取態,帶來階段性高潮。日本朝野蜂擁到靖國神社參拜戰犯和安倍晉三在「終戰紀念日」的講話,反映日本不僅不承認侵略那麼簡單,嚴格而言是向曾經被皇軍獸兵蹂躪殘害過的亞洲國家和人民發出挑釁。作為受害最深的中國和中國人民別無選擇,只有做最壞打算,做最好準備,應對新時期的日本挑釁。
安倍並未親臨靖國神社參拜,但是他以「自民黨總裁」名義向神社奉獻祭祀費,被解讀為曲線參拜,同時透過親信說對未能參拜靖國神社感到非常抱歉,在在顯示他心繫神社之情。
此外,安倍在戰敗紀念日的致辭,未提及日本在二戰對亞洲各國帶來痛苦及反省,也未提到「永不再戰誓言」,這是日本在位首相20年來在戰敗紀念日致辭中,首次出現這種情况。還有,今年新年首個工作天上班時,安倍晉三統率執政自民黨,齊唱被指是軍國主義象徵的《君之代》國歌;近期,二戰時使用的旭日旗(即太陽旗)也重新歸位;那艘排水量約2萬噸、規模相當於航空母艦的「護衛艦」,近期下水,被命名為「出雲號」,對中國而言,當年侵略中國的日本艦隊,「出雲號」是旗艦,後來在太平洋被美軍擊沉,安倍政權重用「出雲號」,其居心,單說傷害中國人民的感情已經不足以形容,根本是對中國和中國人民的挑釁。
日本向右傾之路滑下去,軍國主義最終會否主導日本,尚待觀察,不過,從安倍一再表示推動修憲、日本成為一個「正常國家」是他對國家的使命等,有理由相信,在安倍執政的日子,日本將不吝於持續給中國製造麻煩和挑釁,而他日即使安倍落台,經他改造後的日本,恐怕在國家意志、對外政策以至軍事力量等,已經出現質變,使得日本之存在,對中國已非友好鄰邦,而是一個如當年一樣覷覦中國的敵人。
對於日本,中國首要調整心態,就是認識到所謂中日友好、世世代代友好,現實上根本不存在。日本的變化,應視為激勵中國奮發向上的動力,特別是軍國主義正在復活的日本,中國要視之為機會,一個洗雪歷史恥辱的機會。
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