2013年2月5日 星期二

陳德霖梁錦松逆耳忠言 樓市盛宴總有埋單之時

<轉載自201325 明報 社評版>
 
繼前財政司長梁錦松日前就樓市前景提出警示之後,昨天,金管局總裁陳德霖亦指出,本港家庭負債佔本地生產總值(GDP)比率已經增至59%,直逼200260%的歷史高位。香港樓市價高勢危,泡沫愈吹愈大,雖然無人有水晶球可以預知泡沫何時爆破,但是種種數據顯示,樓市風險已經距離臨界點不遠,炒家或許另有想法,但是買樓自住的用家務須三思量力而為。另外,金管局要做好風險評估,一旦泡沫爆破要確保銀行系統穩定,減輕對整體經濟的衝擊。
 
家庭負債比率59% 逼近60%歷史高位
 
陳德霖在立法會財經事務委員會會議指出,去年12月,本港家庭負債佔GDP比率增至59%,直逼2002年的歷史高位,他表示若樓市逆轉進入下行周期,這個比率可能見新高,屆時供樓市民的債務壓力會增加。陳德霖所說的家庭負債,按揭貸款佔74%,其餘26%是信用卡和其他個人貸款,按揭貸款金額接近9000億港元,若樓市泡沫爆破,會牽動銀行系統。近期,國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)就香港經濟的評估報告,指出「樓價急速調整會令抵押品的價值下降以及造成負財富效應,引發整體經濟活動、銀行貸款與物業市場之間的惡性循環。雖然樓市出現大幅調整而導致宏觀經濟及金融體系嚴重受挫的機會在短期內甚低,但物業市場仍然是香港經濟內部的主要風險」。
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IMF發表的報告,有專章討論家庭債務與整體經濟的關係,結論是一旦經濟逆轉,對消費影響甚大。美國在2008年金融海嘯之前,當時家庭負債佔GDP比率接近100%,現在回落至85%水平,顯示金融海嘯使美國人收斂了揮霍,由過去鮮有儲蓄,到現在儲蓄率約6.5%,與新興國家人民普遍有20%30%的高儲蓄率,當然不能相比,但是所謂「由奢入儉難」,美國人願意克服心理障礙和行為慣性模式,說明他們在金融海嘯汲取了教訓。
 
IMF論本港經濟 樓價較合理水平高三成
 
這幾年,美國和歐洲都以變相「印銀紙」方式,挽救經濟,近期,日本安倍政府也加碼變相印銀紙催谷經濟,美歐日何時擺脫困境,仍是未知之數,不過,三大經濟體爭相量化寬鬆,全球游資充斥,熱錢湧入新興市場,推高了資產價格,而本港樓市因為供應緊絀,藉低息和熱錢颳起的投機風,使樓價飈升至不合理景况。本港樓市前景,無人可以具體說在什麼時候逆轉,但是種種數據和權威機構都已經發出預警,這些信息,真正的用家不應忽略。
 
1IMF在報告指出,本港的樓價與市民收入比率是全球最高,達12.6倍,大幅超越全球其他主要城市,位列第2的澳洲僅為6.7倍。IMF認為,若本港利率回升至20032007年的正常水平,本港樓價會較按經濟基本因素計算的「合理水平」高30%IMF的研究是根據去年本港第2季的經濟數據,過去半年本港樓價又上升了不少,所以,樓價進一步偏離了合理水平。
 
2)財政司長曾俊華去年12月在立法會表示,去年第3季供樓負擔比率已經增加至50%,即業主平均要用一半收入供樓,一旦加息3厘,負擔比率將飈升至65%高水平。若泡沫爆破,經濟逆轉,工資也會受到壓力,屆時置業市民能否負擔得起供樓開支,將會由想像變為現實問題。
 
3)美國聯儲局主席伯南克把息口與失業率掛鈎,使得美國息口趨勢有一個參考準則。不少人認為這是伯南克為明年不再擔任局長做退市準備,是耶非耶,且待事態發展,總之只要美國利率逆轉,屆時全球經濟環境將是另一番景况。前任財政司長梁錦松上周在一項研討會提到,按施政報告,預期數年後公、私營房屋供應為每年4.5萬至5萬個,而市場預期美國聯儲局最快可能於明年開始加息,屆時本港樓市面臨「供應增、息口升」的局面,與1998年樓市崩盤前夕的情景相似。
 
香港現時不少人碰頭就是談炒樓,大有大炒,小有小炒,繼豪宅、商舖之後,居屋、車位也成為炒賣對象。參與的人(特別是炒家)大概認為自己不會是最後接火棒的人,梁錦松的「危言」和陳德霖的忠告,對他們不會有效用,但是對於真正想置業安居的市民,應該保持冷靜清醒,必須量力而為,切勿罔顧明顯的危機信號,仍然一頭栽進去,使自己蒙受不必要的巨大損失。
 
目前的樓市盛宴,對很多人來說是搵快錢的機會,但是天下沒有免費午餐,美國、歐洲、日本印了那麼多銀紙,總要埋單,屆時有人飽食遠颺,有人則要承受惡果。希望克勤克儉、胼手胝足善良的人,不要為別人的貪婪遊戲付出不必要的代價。
 
至於銀行體系,正如IMF提到的「物業市場仍然是香港經濟內部的主要風險」,按往績,本港金融基建完整,銀行屢遭經濟周期衝擊仍然不失穩定,不過,金管局切勿掉以輕心,一旦樓市泡沫爆破,也可減輕整體經濟受到的衝擊。
 
特區政府則要有心理準備,就是樓市泡沫爆破之後,仍要堅持長遠的土地和房屋供應規劃,爭取經此一役之後,本港可以擺脫樓價不合理飈升、害人不淺的怪圈循環。
 
Editorial

The Writing Is on the Wall
 
A FEW DAYS after former Financial Secretary Antony Leung Kam-chung's warning about the property market, Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) Chief Executive Norman Chan Tak-lam pointed out yesterday at the Legislative Council Financial Affairs Panel meeting that, in December last year, Hong Kong's total household debt reached 59 percent of the city's gross domestic product, coming very close to the all-time high of 60 percent in 2002. He warned that, if a correction in the property market occurs, people will have greater difficulty in repaying their home mortgage loans, which in December amounted to nearly $900 billion, or 74 percent of household debt.
 
Recently, in its review of Hong Kong's economy, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said, "A sharp price correction would lead to falling collateral values and negative wealth effects, which could trigger an adverse feedback loop between economic activity, bank lending, and the property market. While the probability of a correction large enough to generate major macroeconomic and financial consequences is fairly low in the near term, the property sector is the main source of domestic economic risk."

In the past few years, a shortage in housing supply, together with a low-interest environment and the influx of hot money, has fanned speculative flames and driven property prices to exorbitant levels. Economic indicators and authoritative organisations are now all signalling danger ahead, which honest homebuyers must not overlook.

(1) According to the IMF report, the ratio of median house price to median household income in Hong Kong is 12.6:1, which is the highest in the world, as compared with Australia's 6.7:1, which is the second highest. The IMF believes that, if interest rates in Hong Kong return to the 2003-07 average, our housing prices are some 30 percent higher than is reasonably consistent with our economic fundamentals.

(2) Financial Secretary John Tsang Chun-wah said at the Legislative Council last December that the home affordability ratio in the third quarter of 2012 had risen to 50 percent. This means that home mortgage loans repayment amounted to half of the average homebuyer's income. If interest rates go up by 3 percent, the home affordability ratio will rise to 65 percent. Will homebuyers be able to repay their home mortgage loans? This question can easily move from the hypothetical into the realm of stark reality.

(3) Former Financial Secretary Antony Leung said at a seminar last week that, according to the Chief Executive's policy address, there will be in a few years an annual supply of 45,000 to 50,000 private and public housing flats. And the market believes that the US Federal Reserve may, at the earliest, increase interest rates next year. The Hong Kong property market will then find itself in a situation where an increase in housing supply goes hand in hand with an upward trend in interest rates - a situation similar to that of 1998, when the property market collapsed.

Honest homebuyers should not turn a blind eye to the obvious danger signs of the property market, or they are likely to suffer heavy financial losses.

As regards Hong Kong's banking system, the IMF says "the property sector is the main source of domestic economic risk". The HKMA must therefore not be caught off its guard.

And the Hong Kong SAR government must be prepared to stick to its long-term plans to increase the supply of land and housing even after the property bubble has burst, so that Hong Kong may, once and for all, break the vicious cycle of high property prices.

明報社評  2013.02.05陳德霖梁錦松逆耳忠言 樓市盛宴總有埋單之時

繼前財政司長梁錦松日前就樓市前景提出警示之後,昨天,金管局總裁陳德霖在立法會財經事務委員會會議指出,去年12月,本港家庭負債佔GDP比率增至59%,直逼200260%的歷史高位,他表示若樓市逆轉進入下行周期,屆時供樓市民的債務壓力會增加。陳德霖所說的家庭負債,按揭貸款佔74%,接近9000億港元。

近期,國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)就香港經濟的評估報告,指出「樓價急速調整會令抵押品的價值下降以及造成負財富效應,引發整體經濟活動、銀行貸款與物業市場之間的惡性循環。雖然樓市出現大幅調整而導致宏觀經濟及金融體系嚴重受挫的機會在短期內甚低,但物業市場仍然是香港經濟內部的主要風險」。
 
這幾年,本港樓市因為供應緊絀,藉低息和熱錢颳起的投機風,使樓價飈升至不合理景况。但是種種數據和權威機構都已經發出預警,這些信息,真正的用家不應忽略。
 
1IMF在報告指出,本港的樓價與市民收入比率是全球最高,達12.6倍,位列第2的澳洲僅為6.7倍。IMF認為,若本港利率回升至20032007年的正常水平,本港樓價會較按經濟基本因素計算的「合理水平」高30%
 
2)財政司長曾俊華去年12月在立法會表示,去年第3季供樓負擔比率已經增加至50%,即業主平均要用一半收入供樓,一旦加息3厘,負擔比率將飈升至65%高水平。屆時置業市民能否負擔得起供樓開支,將會由想像變為現實問題。
 
3)前任財政司長梁錦松上周在一項研討會提到,按施政報告,預期數年後公、私營房屋供應為每年4.5萬至5萬個,而市場預期美國聯儲局最快可能於明年開始加息,屆時本港樓市面臨「供應增、息口升」的局面,與1998年樓市崩盤前夕的情景相似。
 
真正想置業安居的市民,切勿罔顧明顯的危機信號,使自己蒙受不必要的巨大損失。
 
至於銀行體系,正如IMF提到的「物業市場仍然是香港經濟內部的主要風險」,金管局切勿掉以輕心。
 
特區政府則要有心理準備,就是樓市泡沫爆破之後,仍要堅持長遠的土地和房屋供應規劃,爭取本港擺脫樓價不合理飈升的怪圈循環。


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