<轉載自2017年10月2日 明報 社評>
自從民進黨去年初上台執政以來,兩岸關係因「九二共識」的爭拗陷入低迷,雖然蔡英文總統一再強調維持現狀的「承諾不變、善意不變」,但台灣近期發生的幾件事還是逼近北京的底線,甚至有鋌而走險的意味。
上周日(9月24日)在民進黨全代會上,蔡英文提出啟動「憲政體制改革」,雖然她只是隱晦地表示,每當外部和內部環境產生巨大變化時,民進黨就會形成新的論述,帶領台灣走向新方向。而新的論述,將包括外交、區域安全與兩岸、國防、自由人權、政治體制、財經、社福、勞動、農林漁牧、教育與文化、數位科技及國土規劃等12大主題。而台灣前總統李登輝已經為憲改作了註腳:「制定符合台灣未來需要的憲法,以建立正常化國家」。
民進黨議員台獨提案 連署已過提修憲門檻
同日在台大舉辦的「2017中國新歌聲-上海‧台北音樂節」巡演,因被指有大陸文化統戰之嫌,引來學生及社會人士到場抗議,被迫中止。支持統一的團體與抗議學生之間還爆發肢體衝突,3人受傷。
上周二(9月26日)台灣行政院長賴清德在立法院回答質詢時公開宣稱,他主張台灣獨立,又強調台灣已是主權獨立國家,名字叫中華民國。這番話不僅超越了外交、國防、兩岸事務屬總統權限的政治分際,亦撥弄了兩岸關係最敏感的神經,馬上引起了軒然大波。
對於蔡英文的憲改倡議,大陸國台辦發言人馬曉光就表示,兩岸關係的紅線是十分清晰的,大陸維護國家主權和領土完整的決心是堅定不移的。對於賴清德的發言,馬曉光則表示,台灣從來不是一個國家,也永遠不可能成為一個國家。
雖然外界對於上述事件有各種島內政治的解讀,如化解特赦陳水扁壓力,打壓台北市長柯文哲的人氣,提前為明年的縣市長選舉造勢,凝聚綠營士氣,甚至蔡、賴兩人的心結暗戰等等,這些解讀也許都不無道理,但上述事件的發生並非偶然,造成的最大衝擊還是在兩岸關係方面。
自1991年以來,台灣的7次修憲,每次都挑動兩岸統獨的敏感神經,今次亦難例外。就在蔡英文拋出憲改議題之後,民進黨籍立委蘇巧慧就提出了憲法增修條文修正草案,將現行條文中「為因應國家統一前之需要」,修改為「為因應國家施行憲政需要」;將「中華民國自由地區選舉人於立法院提出憲法修正案」一句中「中華民國自由地區選舉人於」字樣刪去;將「經中華民國自由地區選舉人投票複決」一句,修改為「經全國選舉人投票複決」;將「自由地區與大陸地區」,修改為「我國與中華人民共和國」。雖然這一草案尚不算民進黨的「黨版」提案,但連署的綠營立委已有41人,超過了立法院立委四分之一提議的修憲第一道門檻,實際上已是朝「法理台獨」邁進一步。如果這都不算台獨,那什麼才算台獨?
蔡賴二人默契扯貓尾 時機敏感急獨變急統
台灣近期發生的連串事件,不能不令人為兩岸關係的未來走向擔憂。自蔡英文上台以來,由於她一直迴避承認九二共識,兩岸關係已經陷入低谷。民進黨當局一年多來的諸多作為,包括赦免反服貿太陽花學運領袖、修改課綱、降低教科書文言文比重等,都被大陸方面視為她口說維持現狀、行動「去中國化」的明證。現在蔡英文拋出憲改,閣揆明言挺獨,在島內有一定收視的大陸選秀節目在台遭鬧場腰斬,很難不令北京心生警惕。雖然賴清德近日口風轉變,稱台獨是其個人主張,兩岸政策屬總統權限,總統府和陸委會也出面緩頰,將「台灣已是獨立國家」的說法改換成「中華民國已是獨立國家」,澄清「兩岸關係就是兩岸關係」,但蔡英文對賴清德的縱容,很容易被人懷疑賴所言並非簡單地逞口舌之快,蔡賴兩人似有默契地在「扯貓尾」、「唱雙簧」。
這些事件發生的背景是,中共十九大即將召開,而會後美國總統特朗普將首度正式訪華,在朝鮮核危機日漸升級的情况下,美國急需中國協助。同時兩岸政經軍事實力此消彼長,連蔡英文都坦承要因應「中國崛起」的新變局,台獨勢力面對被擠壓邊緣化的焦慮,急需有所突破。難怪蔡英文憲改方案甫提出,島內台獨大老林濁水就拍案叫好,「失蹤10多年的民進黨回家了」;主張台獨的時代力量提出加入推動廢除監察院、廢省、廢「一國兩區」等修憲訴求。而蔡英文在接下來的「雙十講話」中對兩岸關係又會推出何種「新論述」,更惹人關注。
蔡英文和民進黨當局,若以為法理台獨踩油門,玩戰爭邊緣政策的「鬥大膽」遊戲,可以暫時拉抬基本盤的民意,為選舉增加砝碼,到頭來恐怕會踏上兩岸對決的最後一哩路,讓「急獨變急統」一語成讖。
Tsai Ing-wen is getting even closer to the red line
Since the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) came to power early last
year, the relations across the Taiwan Strait have been at a low point thanks to
arguments over the "1992 consensus". Although Tsai Ing-wen, the
president of Taiwan, has repeatedly stressed that her promise and good intention
of maintaining the status quo remain unchanged, several incidents that have
happened in Taiwan recently threaten to test the Beijing authorities' bottom
line.
Last Sunday (24 September) at the DPP's conference, Tsai proposed
initiating "reform of the constitutional system", even though she
merely vaguely said that the DPP would come up with some new political
discourse to lead Taiwan into a new direction whenever there were significant
changes domestically and abroad. The new discourse will be comprised of twelve
themes, namely diplomacy; regional security and cross-strait relations;
national defence; freedom and human rights; political system; finance; social
welfare; labour; agriculture, forests, fishery and husbandry; education and
culture; digital technology; and territorial planning. And Lee Teng-hui, a
former Taiwanese president, has already added a footnote to constitutional
reform: "to prepare a constitution that suits Taiwan's needs in the future
so as to establish a normalised country".
Last Tuesday (26 September) William Lai Ching-te, Premier of Taiwan,
said when answering queries in the Legislative Yuan that he proposed the
independence of Taiwan, stressing that Taiwan was already a sovereign country,
and the country's name was the Republic of China. By making such a comment he
has not only overstepped his power, as diplomacy, national affairs and matters
concerning the two sides across the Taiwan Strait are the responsibilities of
the president, but also touched a sensitive nerve in cross-strait relations and
provoked a huge outcry.
Responding to Tsai's proposal of a constitutional reform, Ma Xiaoguang,
a spokesperson of the Taiwan Affairs Office in mainland China, said that there
is a very clear red line in cross-strait relations, and that China is
unswervingly determined to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Responding to Lai's comments, Ma said that Taiwan has never been a country and
will never be one.
The string of events that has happened in Taiwan in recent years has inevitably
made people worried about the future of cross-strait relations. Since Tsai was
sworn in, cross-strait relations have been at a low point, as she has been
evading the issue of the 1992 consensus. The actions taken by the DPP
government over the past year, such as pardoning student leaders of the
Sunflower Movement against the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement, amending
the syllabus and lowering the ratio of classical Chinese works in textbooks,
have been cited by the mainland authorities as proof that she is trying to
de-Sinicise Taiwan despite saying that she wants to maintain the status quo.
Now that Tsai has proposed constitutional reform, her premier has said bluntly
that he is for independence and a mainland talent show which garnered good ratings
in Taiwan has been disrupted and cut short, it is difficult for the Beijing
authorities not to be on alert.
These events have taken place against a background. It is that the
Chinese Communist Party is about to convene its 19th National Congress, after
which Donald Trump, the US president, will pay an official visit to China. As
the North Korean nuclear crisis escalates, the US urgently needs China's help.
As China's political, economic and military strength is on the rise while that
of Taiwan is on the wane, even Tsai has had to admit that owing to the new
situation resultant from the rise of China, the pro-independence movement is
worried about being marginalised, and a breakthrough is badly needed. It
deserves even more attention what kind of new discourse concerning cross-strait
relations she will propose in the upcoming "Double-ten" speech.
蔡憲改逼近紅線
賴挺獨玩火自焚
自從民進黨去年初上台執政以來,兩岸關係因「九二共識」的爭拗陷入低迷,雖然蔡英文總統一再強調維持現狀的「承諾不變、善意不變」,但台灣近期發生的幾件事還是逼近北京的底線。
上周日(9月24日)在民進黨全代會上,蔡英文提出啟動「憲政體制改革」,雖然她只是隱晦地表示,每當外部和內部環境產生巨大變化時,民進黨就會形成新的論述,帶領台灣走向新方向。而新的論述,將包括外交、區域安全與兩岸、國防、自由人權、政治體制、財經、社福、勞動、農林漁牧、教育與文化、數位科技及國土規劃等12大主題。而台灣前總統李登輝已經為憲改作了註腳:「制定符合台灣未來需要的憲法,以建立正常化國家」。
上周二(9月26日)台灣行政院長賴清德在立法院回答質詢時公開宣稱,他主張台灣獨立,又強調台灣已是主權獨立國家,名字叫中華民國。這番話不僅超越了外交、國防、兩岸事務屬總統權限的政治分際,亦撥弄了兩岸關係最敏感的神經,馬上引起了軒然大波。
對於蔡英文的憲改倡議,大陸國台辦發言人馬曉光就表示,兩岸關係的紅線是十分清晰的,大陸維護國家主權和領土完整的決心是堅定不移的。對於賴清德的發言,馬曉光則表示,台灣從來不是一個國家,也永遠不可能成為一個國家。
台灣近期發生的連串事件,不能不令人為兩岸關係的未來走向擔憂。自蔡英文上台以來,由於她一直迴避承認九二共識,兩岸關係已經陷入低谷。民進黨當局一年多來的諸多作為,包括赦免反服貿太陽花學運領袖、修改課綱、降低教科書文言文比重等,都被大陸方面視為她口說維持現狀、行動「去中國化」的明證。現在蔡英文拋出憲改,閣揆明言挺獨,在島內有一定收視的大陸選秀節目在台遭鬧場腰斬,很難不令北京心生警惕。
這些事件發生的背景是,中共十九大即將召開,而會後美國總統特朗普將首度正式訪華,在朝鮮核危機日漸升級的情况下,美國急需中國協助。同時兩岸政經軍事實力此消彼長,連蔡英文都坦承要因應「中國崛起」的新變局,台獨勢力面對被擠壓邊緣化的焦慮,急需有所突破。而蔡英文在接下來的「雙十講話」中對兩岸關係又會推出何種「新論述」,更惹人關注。
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