<轉載自2019年3月18日 明報 社評>
去年8月棄台與中國大陸建交的薩爾瓦多,今年2月當選的總統發表了對中國不滿的言論,引發在建交問題上可能出現變數,但無論是耍花招還是真的翻盤,也不會影響大局,真正的博弈是背後的中國與美國。當前中美較勁,香港市民不能趁火打劫。
薩爾瓦多候任總統布克爾訪美,表示中國不尊重該國民主制度,接見他的美國國家安全顧問博爾頓則表示,美國和薩爾瓦多正在熱切尋求新機遇增加外商投資,增進安全,反擊中國的掠奪行為。兩人一唱一和的背景,有歷史原因,也有現實因素。
薩爾瓦多1980年陷入內戰,人口只有600多萬的小國分為兩派,雙方打了12年才停戰。此後27年由兩派輪替執政,上兩屆總統跟美國的死敵委內瑞拉親近。這次當選的布克爾並不從屬於上述兩派,他在競選期間表示,國家民不聊生,三分之一的人口逃亡到美國當難民,他要制止這種情况,美國當然樂於支持他。
薩爾瓦多位於中美洲,無論在地理、歷史淵源和政治制度方面,跟美國關係千絲萬縷,更何况美元是流通貨幣,進出口八成來自和輸往美國,親美本是自然。但親美並無需要仇視遠隔重洋的中國,毋須在兩者之間選擇。况且,薩爾瓦多的國內問題,貪污嚴重、黑幫橫行、經濟不振,足夠這個國家的總統頭痛,跟中國大陸還是台灣建立外交關係,在他應對問題名單上應排列最後。
薩爾瓦多打台灣牌 圖收漁翁之利
美國要消滅委內瑞拉反美政府,籠絡周邊國家的支持,確保不會「後欄起火」,本屬正常,但拉攏薩爾瓦多扯上中國關係,司馬昭之心路人皆知。小國因為政黨輪替而在國際政治上反覆無常,難以非議,布克爾在訪美前夕拿跟中國外交關係說事,一種可能是以此作為「投名狀」給美國送大禮,爭取美國更大的支持,因為去年該國跟台灣斷交時,美國曾高調要求薩爾瓦多慎重考慮;此舉又或者是希望能夠得到更多的中國投資。
薩爾瓦多如果只是出於經濟考慮,對中國來說只是小菜一碟,該國出口台灣一年貨值4000萬美元,66%是甘蔗,中國大陸要加倍從薩爾瓦多進口,易如反掌。說穿了,薩爾瓦多是看穿了美國在利用一切的可能對付中國,台灣牌對於位處美國「後欄」的薩爾瓦多來說,是不可多得的一張好牌,打好這張牌,既可以討好美國,又可以提高跟中國的叫價,說不定還可以一箭雙鵰。
對於目前只剩下17個建交國的台灣政府來說,眼見有一線生機,當然會極力爭取提高「國際存在感」,一些台灣人出於感情而附和,也不足為奇。但必須要認清國際形勢,利用中美兩國博弈而投靠美國爭取利益,這種渾水摸魚的做法沒有可持續性。當年美國總統卡特放棄台灣與中國大陸建交,由於卡特出身的州份以種花生聞名,台灣人以踩花生泄憤,美國隨時會因為利益而變臉,到時台灣人或許又會重蹈覆轍,再以火燒特朗普酒店模型抗議。
美國會打「香港牌」 香港人不應挾洋自重
在中美兩國較勁的情况下,美國也會打「香港牌」,藉香港人當中反對中央政府的情緒,製造混亂。美國白宮邀請陳方安生、郭榮鏗、莫乃光去美國,就《香港關係法》給意見,美國國會「美中關係全國委員會」代表團訪港,將會跟各界人士見面。他們發表的言論,也會受到關切。美國突然高調處理香港問題,究竟是否有暗渡陳倉之嫌,值得關注。
美國既然要全方位對付中國,就會利用一切可能乘虛而入,香港人也要認清形勢。香港正在審議《國歌法》、修改《逃犯條例》,一些持不同態度的政治人物對此發表反對意見,無可厚非,畢竟他們對香港的事務,以及香港跟中央政府的關係,有表達意見的自由。但有些人卻向美國呼籲,以改變對待香港獨立關稅區的地位作為籌碼,向中國政府施加壓力,則是挾洋自重的表現。
中美兩國在今後一段很長的日子,將會繼續處於競爭局面,打打停停,貿易戰這邊停火,南海爭端又會起火,但香港是國家一部分的事實,則永遠不會改變。薩爾瓦多可以藉中美博弈趁火打劫,港人卻不可以趁亂起哄,造成親痛仇快的局面,外人見笑,國人齒冷。
Hong Kong must not do what El Salvador does
El SALVADOR severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan to establish
relations with mainland China last August. However, the El Salvador
president-elect, who was elected last February, has made comments expressing
dissatisfaction with China, bringing uncertainty to the establishment of
relations. However, no matter whether it is a diplomatic manoeuvre of little
significance or a real reversal of policies, it will not have much bearing on
the overall situation. The real players are China and the US, who are acting
behind the scenes. At a time when China and the US are engaged in a struggle,
Hong Kong citizens must not try to take advantage of the situation.
On a visit to the United States, Nayib Bukele, the incoming president of
El Salvador, said that China did not respect the country's democratic system,
while John Bolton, the national security adviser who received him, said that
both the US and El Salvador were vigorously seeking new opportunities to
increase foreign investment, enhance security and hit back at China's predatory
practice. There are both a historical background and an actual context to the
two men's "duet", as it were.
El Salvador was engulfed in a civil war in 1980. A country with a
population of six million or so, it was divided between two sects, which fought
for twelve years before calling a truce. Over the next 27 years, the two sects
took turns to govern the country. The last two presidents were close to
Venezuela, the US's archenemy. Bukele, who was newly elected, did not belong to
the above two sects. During his campaign he said that as the people of the
country were destitute and one third of them had fled to the US to become
refugees, he had to end this situation. No doubt the US is happy to support him
in this objective.
El Salvador is in Central America. Due to its geographical location,
history and political system, it has an intricate relationship with the US, not
to mention the fact that it uses the US dollar as the currency and 80% of its
exports and imports go to and come from the US. So the country is naturally
pro-US. But that does not mean that it has to harbour hatred towards China,
which is oceans away, nor does it have to choose to be pro-US or pro-China.
Furthermore, El Salvador's domestic problems, such as rampant corruption,
unfettered organised crime and the weak economy, are enough headaches to its
president. Whether to establish diplomatic relations with mainland China or
Taiwan should be at the bottom of his agenda.
When China and the US are engaged in a struggle, the US will also play
the "Hong Kong card", trying to sow confusion by taking advantage of
some Hong Kong people's sentiment against the central government. The White
House has invited Anson Chan, Dennis Kwok and Charles Mok to the US to give
their opinions on the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act, while a delegation
from the National Committee on United States-China Relations of the US Congress
will visit Hong Kong and meet with people from all sectors. What they will say
will be a subject of close attention. Whether the US's sudden high-profile
handling of the Hong Kong question is a diversionary tactic merits concern.
Over a long period of time, China and the US will be in a competitive
relationship. Sometimes they will fight, sometimes they will stop. They will
call a truce in the trade war but start an argument in the South China Sea. But
the fact that Hong Kong is part of China remains unchanged. While El Salvador
can try to take advantage of the China-US rivalry, Hong Kong people cannot.
Otherwise China's enemies will rejoice in what Hong Kong people do and our
fellow Chinese people will be profoundly saddened by it. Hong Kong people will
be a laughing stock in the eyes of foreign people, while the Chinese people
will grind their teeth in anger.
薩爾瓦多圖趁亂 香港市民莫趁墟
去年8月棄台與中國大陸建交的薩爾瓦多,今年2月當選的總統發表了對中國不滿的言論,引發在建交問題上可能出現變數,但無論是耍花招還是真的翻盤,也不會影響大局,真正的博弈是背後的中國與美國。當前中美較勁,香港市民不能趁火打劫。
薩爾瓦多候任總統布克爾訪美,表示中國不尊重該國民主制度,接見他的美國國家安全顧問博爾頓則表示,美國和薩爾瓦多正在熱切尋求新機遇增加外商投資,增進安全,反擊中國的掠奪行為。兩人一唱一和的背景,有歷史原因,也有現實因素。
薩爾瓦多1980年陷入內戰,人口只有600多萬的小國分為兩派,雙方打了12年才停戰。此後27年由兩派輪替執政,上兩屆總統跟美國的死敵委內瑞拉親近。這次當選的布克爾並不從屬於上述兩派,他在競選期間表示,國家民不聊生,三分之一的人口逃亡到美國當難民,他要制止這種情况,美國當然樂於支持他。
薩爾瓦多位於中美洲,無論在地理、歷史淵源和政治制度方面,跟美國關係千絲萬縷,更何况美元是流通貨幣,進出口八成來自和輸往美國,親美本是自然。但親美並無需要仇視遠隔重洋的中國,毋須在兩者之間選擇。况且,薩爾瓦多的國內問題,貪污嚴重、黑幫橫行、經濟不振,足夠這個國家的總統頭痛,跟中國大陸還是台灣建立外交關係,在他應對問題名單上應排列最後。
在中美兩國較勁的情况下,美國也會打「香港牌」,藉香港人當中反對中央政府的情緒,製造混亂。美國白宮邀請陳方安生、郭榮鏗、莫乃光去美國,就《香港關係法》給意見,美國國會「美中關係全國委員會」代表團訪港,將會跟各界人士見面。他們發表的言論,也會受到關切。美國突然高調處理香港問題,究竟是否有聲東擊西之嫌,值得關注。
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