<轉載自2016年1月4日 明報 社評>
跨入2016年,中國不僅進入新五年經濟規劃的「開局之年」,還進入了中共十九大的籌備之年。內地今年的「開年第一會」,就是8天後中共中央紀律檢查委員會全體會議。這次中紀委全會的核心任務,就是為這個「換屆之年」,揚起黨鞭,以反腐來清障。
剛剛過去的2015年,是中國政壇「打虎之年」。一年打虎,上到中央軍委前副主席、全國政協現任副主席這類「大老虎」,下到省部軍級的「小老虎」,加起來數量驚人。而年底最後的日子,在「最後一虎」的猜測中,抓了央企中國電信董事長常小兵、懲辦了「霧霾猖獗背後的權力黑手」環保部副部長張力軍。中央級大國企的頭頭,加上中央部委負責人兩大類型貪官被辦,留下第三類地方官員受查的懸念。
下周中紀委開全會 地方官受查留懸念
北京消息稱,西南大省四川省長魏宏,在出席中央經濟工作會議後就被中紀委留下調查。很多人猜測,他將成去年「最後一虎」,最新消息說,他可能成為「開年第一虎」,因為中共十八屆中紀委六次全會即將召開,這次全會內容特別,有必要在會前打虎祭旗。
中共中央紀委與中共中央委員會同步,五年一屆,而一屆中紀委的全體會議,除中期和尾段兩年通常開兩次全會,餘下都是一年一度。雖然今年是例行年度全會,但同每屆中紀委第六次全會一樣,因為與中共「換屆工作」相關連而特別令人關注。
中共十九大預定2017年舉行,十九大高層大換血,將從今年開始的四級地方黨委大換屆,來層層鋪墊,是以內地今年也進入「換屆之年」。而今年的「換屆工作」,與往次有極大不同,就是中央要汲取教訓,由政治局向中紀委提出一個重要要求,即在紀律檢查層面,加速清理「瘀血」,「防止帶病提拔、帶病上崗」。
之所以提出「防止帶病提拔、帶病上崗」的要求,是因為近年中國貪腐猖獗,不僅滲透地方和軍隊,還滲透到中央委員會,更滲透到最高領導層。一年前,中紀委召開第五次全會上,中紀委書記王岐山就在中紀委工作報告中提出,一年中聚焦目標任務,是重點查處中共十八大後「不收斂、不收手」的領導幹部。因此,去年一年中紀委的主要工作,都是清理中共十八大前換屆後在崗、不識進退仍然貪腐的大小老虎。
根據官方統計,去年中紀委查處的「中管幹部」,即省部級幹部至少達37人。而去年軍方先後分10多批公布「打虎榜」,超過40名「軍老虎」被公開通報查處。中共十八大以來被查處的「老虎」級官員累計已達138名,其中包括47名「軍老虎」。
反腐加緊清理瘀血 為十九大杜絕後患
去年底政治局的總結會議上,特別強調中央去年「堅定不移推進全面從嚴治黨,堅定不移推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗鬥爭」,還刻意點出對中央政治局前常委周永康、中央書記處前書記令計劃等人的查辦。而習近平更提出「堅決消弭隱患、杜絕後患」的要求,是對即將召開的中紀委全會、即將展開的地方黨委大換屆,也是對今年開始的十九大人事籌備的要求。
內地近年的腐敗,其中一大腐敗是「組織人事腐敗」,具體說就是買官賣官之風盛行,小到縣官,大到中委,都有市場行情。在加緊查處之下,到去年11月中共十八屆五中全會止,已有7名十八屆中央委員、11名中央候補委員被查處後逐出中委。這一數字,超過中共十四屆到十七屆4屆被查處和逐出中央委員會人數總和,可謂「史無前例」。
所謂「消弭隱患、杜絕後患」,就是要為中共十九大清除多年貪風形成的政治障礙。這是一項極為艱巨的任務,而12日開幕的中紀委全會,就要探索完成這一任務的途徑。總體上看,過去一年中紀委書記王岐山的目標,是要以強力打虎形成「不敢腐」之氛圍,今年則應配合大換屆,嘗試建立「不能腐」的環境。
除人事腐敗削山頭 阻止退休元老干政
自元旦開始,中紀委和監察部網站的微信公眾號,已開通運行手機「一鍵舉報」功能,這就是建立「不能腐」環境。與此同時,預料今次中紀委全會將強調「兩手硬」,一手是繼續堅持「八項規定」,不准「四風」回潮,遏制腐敗蔓延勢頭;一手是「探索黨長期執政條件下強化自我監督的有效途徑」,以及完善中共黨內監督制度,全面加強黨紀建設。
由前者看,因應反腐引向深入,今年將繼續「打虎」,不排除有「大老虎」被打,來為十九大的籌備祭旗。而從後者看,則客觀上還有改變中共從地方到中央的換屆中,組織人事的山頭主義 和權力博弈,以反腐來震懾人事腐敗,阻止退休元老干預人事安排,也是中紀委反腐「打虎」的弦外之音。
CCDI's
anti-graft efforts
2016 is not only the first year of a new
five-year period of China's economic planning but also one in which
preparations have to be made for the 19th National Congress of the Communist
Party of China (CPC). The first important meeting of this year on the mainland
is a plenary session of the Central Commission for Discipline and Inspection
(CCDI) of the CPC, which is eight days away. The crucial task to be
accomplished at it is to fight corruption by wielding the "Party
whip" with a view to removing obstacles in 2016 (in which many official
terms expire).
It was emphasised especially at a summing-up
session of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC (CCCPC)
which took place towards the end of last year that, last year, the central
authorities "unswervingly pursued all-sided strict governance of the Party
and unswervingly sought to establish corruption-free Party conduct and struggle
against corruption". It was mentioned in particular that Zhou Yongkang
(formerly a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the
CCCPC), Ling Jihua (formerly Secretary of the Secretariat of the CCCPC) and
others had been investigated and accordingly dealt with. Furthermore, Xi
Jinping has demanded that "potential dangers be resolutely eliminated and
adverse consequences be resolutely prevented". This is what he has
demanded of those who will attend or be involved in the upcoming CCDI plenary
session, the general replacement of local Party committees and the personnel
preparations for the 19th National Congress of the CPC.
A chief aspect of corruption on the mainland has
in recent years been that of "organisation and personnel
administration". Specifically, it has been a widespread practice to sell
and mart offices for money. Low positions like county-headships as well as high
ones like CCCPC memberships have been marketable and in demand. Because
investigations had been stepped up, by the time when the 5th plenum of the 18th
CCCPC took place last November, seven full members and eleven alternate members
of the 18th CCCPC had been expelled from the body. That one may say is
"unprecedented" because the number exceeds the total of those
expelled from the 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th CCCPC.
The demand that "political dangers be
eliminated and adverse consequences be prevented" means that political
obstacles that corruption has over the years put in the way should be removed
for the sake of the 19th National Congress of the CPC. This is a herculean
task. The CCDI members are to find out at their next meeting (which begins on
the 12th) how it can be accomplished. Generally speaking, CCDI Secretary Wang
Qishan, who aimed last year at bringing about an atmosphere in which "none
dared to be corrupt" by hitting tigers hard, should this year attempt to
create an environment in which officials "cannot possibly become
corrupt".
As the anti-graft campaign deepens, the
authorities will continue to get after "tigers". One must not rule
out the possibility of them catching "big tigers" and using them as
sacrifices when preparations are about to be made for the 19th National
Congress of the CPC. Objectively speaking, the anti-graft campaign will be used
to deter corruption in personnel administration and prevent retired elders from
interfering in personnel arrangements. This is an unstated purpose of the
CCDI's efforts to catch corrupt "tigers".
中紀委反腐 為十九大清障
跨入2016年,中國不僅進入新五年經濟規劃的「開局之年」,還進入了中共十九大的籌備之年。內地今年的「開年第一會」,就是8天後中共中央紀律檢查委員會全體會議。這次中紀委全會的核心任務,就是為這個「換屆之年」,揚起黨鞭,以反腐來清障。
去年底政治局的總結會議上,特別強調中央去年「堅定不移推進全面從嚴治黨,堅定不移推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗鬥爭」,還刻意點出對中央政治局前常委周永康、中央書記處前書記令計劃等人的查辦。而習近平更提出「堅決消弭隱患、杜絕後患」的要求,是對即將召開的中紀委全會、即將展開的地方黨委大換屆,也是對今年開始的十九大人事籌備的要求。
內地近年的腐敗,其中一大腐敗是「組織人事腐敗」,具體說就是買官賣官之風盛行,小到縣官,大到中委,都有市場行情。在加緊查處之下,到去年11月中共十八屆五中全會止,已有7名十八屆中央委員、11名中央候補委員被查處後逐出中委。這一數字,超過中共十四屆到十七屆4屆被查處和逐出中央委員會人數總和,可謂「史無前例」。
所謂「消弭隱患、杜絕後患」,就是要為中共十九大清除多年貪風形成的政治障礙。這是一項極為艱巨的任務,而12日開幕的中紀委全會,就要探索完成這一任務的途徑。總體上看,過去一年中紀委書記王岐山的目標,是要以強力打虎形成「不敢腐」之氛圍,今年則應配合大換屆,嘗試建立「不能腐」的環境。
因應反腐引向深入,今年將繼續「打虎」,不排除有「大老虎」被打,來為十九大的籌備祭旗。而從後者看,則客觀上還有以反腐來震懾人事腐敗,阻止退休元老干預人事安排,也是中紀委反腐「打虎」的弦外之音。
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