2014年的全國人大、政協「兩會」今日起陸續開幕，世界的目光又一次聚焦這個中國政治的年度盛會。由於去年11月的中共十八屆三中全會提出了全面深化改革的決議，令人期待2014是「改革元年」，因此，即使今年的兩會沒有重大的人事和法案議程，人們還是強烈期待在眾所矚目的民族問題、反貪腐、司法改革及轉變經濟增長方式等方面，能有新的氣象。
就在兩會揭幕前夕，雲南昆明火車站發生了被指是疆獨分子發動的恐怖襲擊事件，死傷逾百，對此種針對無辜平民的殺戮行為，遭到包括聯合國秘書長潘基文在內舉世輿論的譴責。可以預料，新疆和西藏的穩定問題，將成為今年兩會的熱門話題之一。人們希望的是，對恐怖勢力的打擊，不應成為針對特定族群和宗教的歧視。否則，對於民族團結、對疆藏兩地的長治久安都是有害無益的。
貪官落馬頻率加快 反腐治本仍待破題
每年的兩會，貪腐問題都是民眾關注的熱點，自從中共十八大後國家主席習近平提出「蒼蠅老虎一起打」、「把權力關進制度的牢籠」等口號後，一年多來，內地確實有大批貪官落馬，僅省部級官員就有20多個。進入2014年，省部級貪官落馬的頻率有加快之勢，而且反貪矛頭指向前所未有的高層——中央政治局前常委周永康，雖然相關案件暫未對外公布，但周的家人、秘書及有商業聯繫者紛紛被拘，預示對周永康的公開懲處已為時不遠。這對打破過往「刑不上常委」的反貪禁區，算是重大突破。
不過，用法治標準衡量，反貪腐成功與否，既不在於打了幾隻「大老虎」，也不在於抓了多少貪官，而是看能否建立一套長效機制來預防和制止貪腐，即從讓官員「不敢貪」到讓他們「不想貪」和「不能貪」。
一年多來，治標之策不可謂不多，如厲行節儉反對奢靡之風的8項規定和反對形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風的「反四風」運動，確對整飭官場風氣起了一定作用。但治本之策如官員財產公開，在歷經多年「試點」之後，仍未有全面推廣的時間表，為此事大力鼓吹的「新公民運動」許志永等人還遭到打壓、判監。輿論監督仍處處受限，打擊網絡謠言形成寒蟬效應，實名舉報者遭受壓力。看來，破解「權力入籠」這一反貪關鍵難題，才是觀察中國未來能否建立起清明政治的重點。
公開透明反貪利器 司法正義萬眾期待
一切腐敗都是權力的腐敗，如果權力爛在制度的根本上，即使揪出再多貪官，也難治本。反貪腐除了「敲山震虎」，還必須「明知山有虎偏向虎山行」，用法制的力量，把特權這隻「老虎」關進「制度的牢籠」。而公開透明，正是針對特權腐敗的殺手。今年兩會的透明程度，特別是對「打老虎」進展的公開程度，正可反映反腐制度建設的進展。
從許志永案，人們自然想到十八屆三中全會提出的司法改革，仍任重道遠。習近平曾強調要「努力讓人民群眾在每一個司法案件中都能感受到公平正義」，但在實際生活中，各種有悖公平正義的司法亂象仍層出不窮。去年以來，司法改革出台了一些新猷，如將法院判決書擺上網、深圳等地試驗法官脫離行政公務員系統等等，但在落實憲法賦予公民的各種權利，給予人民更多的政治自由方面仍乏善可陳。今年的兩會上，新任最高人民法院院長周強將首次作工作報告，人們有理由期待司法改革有更大的進展。
轉變方式壯士斷腕 天空晴朗政治清明
每年兩會審議的《政府工作報告》，內容都偏重經濟領域。今年兩會，又是總理李克強宣讀首份政府工作報告，各界對此寄望甚殷。說到中國經濟，最近為禍神州大地的霧霾，已經向全社會敲響了警鐘﹕那種以犧牲環境和人民健康為代價的單純追求GDP增長的粗放式經濟高速增長模式已難以為繼，政府要以壯士斷腕、刮骨療毒的決心轉變經濟增長方式，即進一步壓縮產能過剩、高污染、高耗能的產業，嚴格規範空氣、水源排放標準。這固然會觸動一些地方政府和既得利益集團的利益，甚至會暫時拉低經濟增長幅度，這正是考驗中央政府轉變發展方式的的決心，以及戰略定力和決斷力的關鍵時刻，人們希望新一屆政府切勿重蹈4萬億撒錢救市的宏觀調控覆轍，讓人看到改革創新的決心。
「政之所興，在順民心；政之所廢，在逆民心」。2014年是中國改革的關鍵之年，我們希望執政當局在兩會上把各項改革落到實處，讓人民看到晴朗的天空的同時，也感受到清明的政治。
Editorial
Reform and anti-corruption efforts
THE 2014 SESSION of the Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) opens today and that of the
National People's Congress (NPC) will begin soon. World attention is again
focused on the important annual political events in China. As it was resolved
last November at the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China (CPC) that the reform should be deepened, people
expect 2014 to be the first year of a "reform era". Though no major
reshuffles or bills are on the agendas of the two sessions, people very much
look forward to seeing what is new in connection with some glaring issues - the
prevention of ethnic unrest, the prevention of corruption, the reform of the
justice system and the adoption of a new mode of economic development. Reform and anti-corruption efforts
It
is invariably on corruption that people focus their attention when the NPC and
the CPPCC are in session. Since President Xi Jinping put forward such slogans
as "catch tigers as well as flies" and "put power into the
system cage" more than a year ago after the 18th National Congress of the
CPC had closed, quite a number of corrupt officials have indeed been brought
down, of whom about two dozens are of the ministerial or provincial rank.
However,
if anti-corruption efforts are judged against the "rule of law"
benchmark, whether they can be deemed successful depends not on how many
corrupt officials have been caught but on whether a permanently effective
system has been put in place which prevents and forbids corruption - which is
such that officials dare not embezzle money or take bribes, do not want to do
so and cannot possibly do so.
All
corrupt practices stem from the corruption of power. If power rots at the root
of the system, corruption can hardly be stamped out once and for all, however
many corrupt officials may have been ferreted out. In combating corruption, the
authorities must not only make a din to frighten the "tigers" but
also "go deep into the mountains where they know they live". They
must put privilege, the "tiger", into the "system cage" with
the aid of the law. Openness or transparency is an effective weapon against
corruption, which privilege breeds. From how transparent the 2014 NPC and CPPCC
sessions are and, especially, from how much is made public about the progress
the authorities have made in catching "tigers", one can tell what
progress they have made in putting in place an anti-corruption system.
In
the annual government work report delivered at the two sessions, emphasis is
always placed on the economy. This year Premier Li Keqiang
is to deliver his first government work report, of which people have high
expectations. Smog, which has done much harm on the mainland, has sounded the
alarm about the Chinese economy. The extensive mode of economic development in
which high GDP growth is achieved at the expense of the environment and
people's health is no longer sustainable. The government must adopt a new mode
of economic development. It must act as decisively as the proverbial hero does
when he cuts off his arm because it has been bitten by an adder. It ought to
diminish excessive capacity, scale down industries that are highly pollutant
and highly energy-consuming and lay down strict regulations about air quality
and what is discharged into water sources. Such moves of course will harm some
provincial governments' and groups' interests and may even slow down economic
growth. However, it is now a critical moment at which the central government's
determination to adopt a new mode of economic development is put to the test.
It is hoped that the new administration will avoid making macroeconomic-control
mistakes as its predecessor did when it splashed
out four trillion yuan to prop up the market and make it clear that it is set
on reform and innovation.
明報社評2014.03.03﹕兩會盼改革新猷 反貪須標本兼治
2014年的全國人大、政協「兩會」今日起陸續開幕，世界的目光又一次聚焦這個中國政治的年度盛會。由於去年11月的中共十八屆三中全會提出了全面深化改革的決議，令人期待2014是「改革元年」，因此，即使今年的兩會沒有重大的人事和法案議程，人們還是強烈期待在眾所矚目的民族問題、反貪腐、司法改革及轉變經濟增長方式等方面，能有新的氣象。
不過，用法治標準衡量，反貪腐成功與否，既不在於打了幾隻「大老虎」，也不在於抓了多少貪官，而是看能否建立一套長效機制來預防和制止貪腐，即從讓官員「不敢貪」到讓他們「不想貪」和「不能貪」。
一切腐敗都是權力的腐敗，如果權力爛在制度的根本上，即使揪出再多貪官，也難治本。反貪腐除了「敲山震虎」，還必須「明知山有虎偏向虎山行」，用法制的力量，把特權這隻「老虎」關進「制度的牢籠」。而公開透明，正是針對特權腐敗的殺手。今年兩會的透明程度，特別是對「打老虎」進展的公開程度，正可反映反腐制度建設的進展。
每年兩會審議的《政府工作報告》，內容都偏重經濟領域。今年兩會，又是總理李克強宣讀首份政府工作報告，各界對此寄望甚殷。說到中國經濟，最近為禍神州大地的霧霾，已經向全社會敲響了警鐘﹕那種以犧牲環境和人民健康為代價的單純追求GDP增長的粗放式經濟高速增長模式已難以為繼，政府要以壯士斷腕的決心轉變經濟增長方式，即進一步壓縮產能過剩、高污染、高耗能的產業，嚴格規範空氣、水源排放標準。這固然會觸動一些地方政府和既得利益集團的利益，甚至會暫時拉低經濟增長幅度，這正是考驗中央政府轉變發展方式的決心的關鍵時刻，人們希望新一屆政府切勿重蹈4萬億撒錢救市的宏觀調控覆轍，讓人看到改革創新的決心。
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