<轉載自2017年12月11日 明報 社評>
北京近日粗暴驅趕「低端」人口離開,導致眾多外來民工流離失所;而以天然氣和電力取代燃煤供暖的政策,又由於工程延誤等原因導致大範圍居民要捱凍,這些決策失誤,歸納起來大概就是官僚主義。新時代的官僚主義是一切唯上,就算明知道會出問題,還是硬闖到底,罔顧生靈塗炭,這比過去由於慵懶或者圖樂的官僚更可怕,從目前的情况看,更大的問題是看不到問題有徹底解決的曙光。
清隱患煤改氣應該做 問題出在執行
北京過去對不符合居住條件的公寓房,不斷有檢查,也曾勒令改造,但由於情况普遍,以及未有造成即時的危險,官員也就睜一眼閉一眼,這也是官僚主義的表現之一。到上月18日大興區發生大火,奪走19條人命,區政府立即行動,巡查全部有危險隱患的房子,並將裏面的住客趕走。對於篩查危險隱患房子的措施,每一個政府都應該做,而且必須及時去做,但如何執行才是檢查官僚主義的標準。
北京市目前人口超過2000萬,市區不斷擴大,城市病有增無減,本屆政府提出要將並非首都功能疏解,這是值得肯定的措施,而事實上在鬧市中的批發市場,不但對市容市貌有負面影響,最大的問題是引來不必要的交通嚴重擠塞,這是得不償失的,應該取締,問題還在於如何執行。
「低端人口」這個名詞的來源是「低端行業的從業人員」,後來慵懶的官員和學者,不知對人的起碼尊重,在大小文件和場合中都用了「低端人口」的簡稱。這些「低端人口」住在有安全隱患的房子,從事非首都功能而需要被淘汰的行業,他們在北京生存的空間本來就愈來愈小,現在政府用粗暴的手段把他們掃地出門,就是官僚主義的表現。
農村燒散煤是效率低下並且製造污染的重要因素,目前京津冀地區頒發政令,取締這種在北方農村普遍採用的做法,對解決北京市的空氣污染有很大的幫助,對減少全國碳排放量也有貢獻,是政府應有之舉。取而代之的是以天然氣或電力供暖,既使用了清潔能源,還可以減少在運輸煤的過程中造成的環境污染,雖然價格稍微昂貴,但衡量對環境的保護作用,還是值得去做的,問題還是在於如何執行。
北京市政府在驅趕「低端人口」的問題上背負一個不仁不義的罵名,是因為對這些本來就在社會底層艱難掙扎的人群,不理會驅趕他們會令他們在寒冬中顛沛流離;京津冀周邊地區在推行煤改氣或者煤改電的政策,從8月底發文到11月中開始供暖,短短不足3個月,在廣袤的農村敷設天然氣管道的工程跟不上,即使跟上但天然氣供應可能會時斷時續,造成村民捱凍,學生要曬太陽取暖,這就是典型的官僚主義表現。
官僚主義古今中外都有,中共執政以來,不時還高調提醒幹部要注意避免,但經久不息自然有它的規律。傳統上的官僚主義,原因是官員驕傲自滿、孤陋寡聞、業務不精但又不做調查研究,盲目發號施令,這是官僚主義常態。觀乎這次北京市驅趕「低端人口」和京津冀煤改氣的做法,還透視出一些新的情况,簡單歸納姑且稱之為「新時代的官僚主義」。
一言堂作風倘從上而下 形成鴉雀無聲局面
煤改氣(電)要在大範圍鋪開是一件巨大的工程,進度一旦趕不上在冬天來臨之前完工,這個地區的官員本身也是受害者,他們的子女在學校也要捱凍,難道他們就不會感覺到有危機感嗎?為什麼這些官員就沒有在政策制訂的過程中發表意見呢?北京市驅趕「低端人口」,即使高層官員因為官僚主義作祟而未能估計到可能造成的巨大國際影響,下層官員肯定是充分知道後果的,為什麼就沒有人敢於對這個政策持異議呢?顯然,這不是簡單的官僚主義的問題,而是在決策過程中出了問題。
近年發生的很多事情,都是因為最高決策者一聲令下,下級官員毫無提出意見的機會,明知道執行起來會出問題,要麼是不敢提意見,要麼是感覺到提了意見也沒用。從網上流傳大興區官員在動員大會上的講話,語氣之重,態度之堅決,都予人一種霸道的氣派,不但沒有迴旋的餘地,任何不同意見都有可能被認為是不服從上級指示,甚至是政治上不夠忠誠的表現,在這種情况之下,就會形成鴉雀無聲的局面。
一個區的官員都這樣發話,再上一級的市政府官員呢?再上一級的中央官員呢?很可能這種一言堂的風氣是從上而下的,這才是問題危險之所在。目前驅趕「低端人口」和煤改氣(電)的政策,在眾多底層人民的怨聲載道之中,馬上收斂,口口聲聲以人民的利益為重,這種賊過興兵的做法,是無補於事的,歸根結柢是要從最上層改變作風開始,廣納民意,提倡給予下級官員說話和提意見的機會,才能改變新時代官僚主義的作風。中共十九大給民族復興帶來希望,給人民帶來期盼,不能因為官僚主義作風,把十九大的以人民為中心的精神帶來負面影響。
Bureaucracy in the new era
THE BEIJING AUTHORITIES' violent move to expel the so-called
"low-end population" has rendered many workers originally from other
regions homeless. In the meantime, the policy to replace the burning of coal
for heat with natural gas and electricity has been plagued by construction
delays, because of which residents in many areas are shivering with cold. These
policy blunders can be summed up in one term — bureaucracy.
In the past, the Beijing authorities did carry out routine inspections
of flats that did not meet residential requirements and ordered that they be
rectified. However, as the problem, though prevalent, did not pose an imminent
danger, government officials connived at it, which was also indicative of their
bureaucracy. The blaze in the Daxing region on 18th November resulted in 19
deaths. The regional government took prompt action and inspected all the flats
that posed a safety hazard and evicted the residents. Now the measure of
conducting checks on housing that is potentially dangerous is what every
government should do promptly. But the yardstick by which to measure how
bureaucratic a policy is is how it is executed.
Beijing has now a population of over 20 million. The urban sprawl is
continuing, creating problems ceaselessly. Seen in this light, the incumbent
government's proposal to get rid of Beijing's "non-capital functions"
is a laudable move. In fact, wholesale markets that are situated amid the hustle
and bustle of a city not only affect the cityscape, but also create a larger
problem — serious traffic congestion that can otherwise be prevented. As the
disadvantages of keeping these markets outweigh the advantages, they should be
outlawed. The question is how.
The term "low-end population" is derived from
"practitioners of low-end occupations". Government officials and
scholars, too indolent to learn the proper respect they should give other
people, began to use "low-end population" as an abbreviation in
different documents and on different occasions. As the so-called "low-end
population" live in housing that is potentially unsafe and work in sectors
that are not part of the functions of the capital and that are to be phased
out, their room to eke out a living in Beijing is getting increasingly limited.
The government's violent move to evict them is an act of bureaucracy.
As for the burning of pulverised coal in villages, it is not only
inefficient but also a major factor in pollution. Recently in Beijing, Tianjin
and Hebei, decrees have been issued to ban the practice, which is common in
villages in Northern China. This will go a long way towards solving the
pollution problem of Beijing and reducing national carbon emission, and as such
is the right move by the government. The substitution of natural gas or
electricity for coal as a source of heat is not only clean, but also beneficial
to the reduction of environmental pollution caused by the transportation of
coal. Though it is slightly more expensive, it is worthwhile to make the switch
given its protection for the environment. The question is how the policy should
be carried out.
In expelling the "low-end population", the Beijing municipal
government has earned itself a place of infamy for being "cruel and
unjust". This is because those people were languishing low down in the
social hierarchy and the government paid no regard to the fact that they would
be rendered homeless out in the bitter cold if they were evicted. The 19th
National Congress of the Communist Party of China has offered hopes of national
rejuvenation and aroused people's high expectations. Bureaucracy must not be
allowed to tarnish the spirit of the 19th National Congress, which is to regard
people as the top priority.
明知出問題照硬闖 新時代官僚主義更可怕
北京近日粗暴驅趕「低端」人口離開,導致眾多外來民工流離失所;而以天然氣和電力取代燃煤供暖的政策,又由於工程延誤等原因導致大範圍居民要捱凍,這些決策失誤,歸納起來大概就是官僚主義。
北京過去對不符合居住條件的公寓房,不斷有檢查,也曾勒令改造,但由於情况普遍,以及未有造成即時的危險,官員也就睜一眼閉一眼,這也是官僚主義的表現之一。到上月18日大興區發生大火,奪走19條人命,區政府立即行動,巡查全部有危險隱患的房子,並將裏面的住客趕走。對於篩查危險隱患房子的措施,每一個政府都應該做,而且必須及時去做,但如何執行才是檢查官僚主義的標準。
北京市目前人口超過2000萬,市區不斷擴大,城市病有增無減,本屆政府提出要將並非首都功能疏解,這是值得肯定的措施,而事實上在鬧市中的批發市場,不但對市容市貌有負面影響,最大的問題是引來不必要的交通嚴重擠塞,這是得不償失的,應該取締,問題還在於如何執行。
「低端人口」這個名詞的來源是「低端行業的從業人員」,後來慵懶的官員和學者,不知對人的起碼尊重,在大小文件和場合中都用了「低端人口」的簡稱。這些「低端人口」住在有安全隱患的房子,從事非首都功能而需要被淘汰的行業,他們在北京生存的空間本來就愈來愈小,現在政府用粗暴的手段把他們掃地出門,就是官僚主義的表現。
農村燒散煤是效率低下並且製造污染的重要因素,目前京津冀地區頒發政令,取締這種在北方農村普遍採用的做法,對解決北京市的空氣污染有很大的幫助,對減少全國碳排放量也有貢獻,是政府應有之舉。取而代之的是以天然氣或電力供暖,既使用了清潔能源,還可以減少在運輸煤的過程中造成的環境污染,雖然價格稍微昂貴,但衡量對環境的保護作用,還是值得去做的,問題還是在於如何執行。
北京市政府在驅趕「低端人口」的問題上背負一個不仁不義的罵名,是因為對這些本來就在社會底層艱難掙扎的人群,不理會驅趕他們會令他們在寒冬中顛沛流離。中共十九大給民族復興帶來希望,給人民帶來期盼,不能因為官僚主義作風,把十九大的以人民為中心的精神帶來負面影響。
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