2015年11月5日 星期四

「習馬會」意義重大 難望攪動台灣政局

<轉載自2015115 明報 社評>
習近平與馬英九本周六在新加坡會面,這是1949年以來兩岸最高領導人的首次會面,對兩岸關係發展是有里程碑意義的大事。不過,一般認為對台灣政局影響有限;基於國民黨主觀、客觀因素導致選情低迷,頹勢難振,此事扭轉民進黨再執政大趨勢的可能性極微。這次「習馬會」,初步看來雙邊各有所求,馬英九期望離任前確定歷史定位,儲蓄政治能量以備日後發揮影響力;大陸方面或許較多着眼於明年民進黨重新執政之後,藉「習馬會」強化在台的支點,以防民進黨帶領台灣疏遠大陸時,有更多可供操作的空間。
兩岸領導人會面 形式雙邊都讓步
1993年兩岸政治關係破冰,台灣海基會和大陸海協會的負責人辜振甫和汪道涵在新加坡舉行「汪辜會談」,為兩岸非官方互動建立模式,迄今仍在處理兩岸事務。2013年在印尼峇里島舉行的亞太經濟合作會議(APEC)年會上,台灣陸委會前主委王郁琦與大陸國務院台灣事務辦公室主任張志軍見面,建立起兩岸事務首長會面制度,這是非官方向官方接觸的過渡轉變。現在兩岸商定「習馬會」,雖然兩人會面時都放下政府職稱,以「先生」互稱,但是習近平與馬英九在大陸和台灣都是在職的最高領導人,因此「習馬會」是兩岸互動層級的一次跨越式提升。
兩岸由兩年前建立起來的兩岸事務首長會面制度發展到「習馬會」,其間歷程,可謂模糊了官方與非官方空間。馬英九早已表露與大陸領導人會面的意願,他屬意國際場合,曾經提出在去年APEC年會到北京與習近平見面。大陸不願兩岸事務沾上國際色彩,現在選擇在新加坡實行兩岸領導人破冰會面,反映兩岸都做了讓步。事實上,新加坡是22年前兩岸建立非官方接觸之地,現在又舉行「習馬會」,若能與「汪辜會」一樣成為兩岸最高層互動的起點,將是一大美事。
馬英九8年前上台執政,是陳水扁貪腐而台灣民衆唾棄民進黨之時。當時,馬英九在選舉大勝對手謝長廷(超逾200萬票),國民黨在立法院的議席可憑一黨之力就提出修憲,在地方政權層面還執政約七成縣市。然而,在國民黨擁有絕對優勢、大陸也拋出盡多利好政策襄助下,國民黨卻出現內鬥不絕、執行力奇差等問題,政治能量迅速潰散,特別是馬英九的支持率跌至不到20%。因此,有意見認為對國民黨而言,成也馬英九,敗也馬英九。
雖然馬英九備受批評,但是他掌政之後,兩岸不再劍拔弩張,轉向積極互動發展;他一直視維持兩岸穩定和平發展為最大政績,對明年5月離任時的歷史評價和定位,甚為重視。放在這個框架檢視「習馬會」,馬英九個人有得着,因為他在總統任內與習近平會面,雖然隱沒了職稱,但是日後對他在國民黨的地位以至對島內政治影響力,都有加分作用。因此,「習馬會」可視為馬英九「標尾會」之作。
至於大陸此時此際同意安排「習馬會」,相信考慮更多。首先,或許有嘗試提振國民黨選情之意,不過「大陸因素」在台灣選舉卻未必全然正面,去年反對服務貿易協議而爆發的群衆運動,就是最好說明。因此「習馬會」對國民黨選情的影響,主要視乎是否操作恰當。
其次,不排除「習馬會」是大陸為後國民黨時期的台灣情勢作鋪墊。民進黨重新執政高唱入雲,一般相信它的兩岸政策與國民黨不同,在美國亞太再平衡戰略底下,美日如何利用台灣這顆棋子,將牽動台海形態。民進黨強勢執政,國民黨內鬥分裂不知道伊于胡底,屆時大陸如何掌控台灣情勢,費煞思量。從這個角度看來,「習馬會」不無創造籌碼的考慮。今次「習馬會」,事先聲言不會簽署任何協議,不會有共同聲明,也不會有共同記者會,就是一次見面而已。由此看來,這次「習馬會」只為雙邊交換意見,不打算達至什麼具體成果,反而為日後工作做鋪墊的考慮,好像更大一些。
馬英九開創先例 蔡英文可不跟隨
台灣陸委會主任委員夏立言提到「習馬會」後,希望兩岸領導人見面能制度化;這是一個良好願望。若日後兩岸領導人見面成為常態,實際上反映兩岸關係和平穩定,相信這是許多人的願望。只是台獨屬性的民進黨,難以寄望它輕易蕭規曹隨。儘管馬英九參與開創了兩岸領導人會面的先例,但是他日民進黨掌政,只要蔡英文不願意卻可以棄如敝屣,因為先例並無約束力,毋須依樣畫葫蘆。因此,「習馬會」是兩岸互動層級和形式的突破,卻很難期望有具體成果,對台灣政局帶來翻天覆地變化的可能性極微。至於這次兩岸領導人會面顧忌的突破,會否使兩岸關係更加和平穩定,則拭目以待。

Xi-Ma meeting
XI JINPING and Ma Ying-jeou are to meet each other in Singapore next Saturday. Theirs will be the first meeting between the two sides' paramount leaders since 1949. Their meeting will be of great significance. It will prove a landmark in the development of cross-strait relations. However, it is generally opined that it will not greatly impact on the political situation in Taiwan. The Kuomintang (KMT) being too weak to rouse itself owing to subjective and objective factors, the odds are heavily against it in the upcoming election. Therefore, the meeting is extremely unlikely to reverse the general trend towards the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) being in office again. On the face of it, the two sides have their respective expectations of the meeting.
Though Ma has come under fire, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have moved towards positive interaction since he came to power. They are no longer at daggers drawn. He has all along regarded it his biggest achievement to have kept the cross-strait situation stable and peaceful, and he attaches great importance to the way he will be evaluated in history when he leaves office next May. Looking at the Xi-Ma meeting from this perspective, one may say Ma will gain from it. He is to meet Xi during his presidency. Though his title will be suppressed at it, the meeting will help improve his status in the KMT and boost his political influence on the island.
Conceivably, the mainland has now agreed that a Xi-Ma meeting be arranged because of many more considerations. First, it may intend to try to make things more favourable to the KMT in the election. Nevertheless, the "mainland factor" may not be altogether positive in an election in Taiwan. How the Xi-Ma meeting will affect the KMT's odds in the presidential election depends mainly on whether it is properly manipulated.
Second, there is no ruling out the possibility of the mainland getting prepared for the situation in Taiwan in the post-KMT era. Assertions that the DPP will again come to power have pierced the clouds. It is generally believed that the DPP's cross-strait policy is different from the KMT's. It will affect the cross-strait situation how the US and Japan use the pawn of Taiwan under the Americans' strategy of Asia-Pacific rebalance. If the DPP administration is strong and there is no telling when KMT infighting will end, the mainland authorities will have to rack their brains trying to find ways to grasp the situation in Taiwan. It has been declared in advance that, in connection with the Xi-Ma meeting, no agreement will be signed, no joint statement will be made and no joint press conference will be called. There will just be a meeting. Evidently, the sole purpose of arranging the Xi-Ma meeting is to allow the two sides to compare notes, and nothing concrete is expected to come of it.
Chairman of Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council Andrew Hsia has said it is wished that meetings between leaders of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait would be institutionalised. That is a well-meant wish. Nevertheless, the DPP (which is by nature in favour of Taiwan's independence) can hardly be expected readily to follow any rule its predecessor has made. Though Ma has helped set a precedent, when the DPP is in power, Tsai Ing-wen may just discard it as one does a pair of worn-out shoes if she does not want to follow it. Therefore, though the Xi-Ma meeting will be a breakthrough in cross-strait interaction in terms of level and form, it is not expected to produce any concrete results. The meeting is extremely unlikely to bring about any earth-shaking changes in the political situation in Taiwan.
「習馬會」意義重大 難望攪動台灣政局
習近平與馬英九本周六在新加坡會面,這是1949年以來兩岸最高領導人的首次會面,對兩岸關係發展是有里程碑意義的大事。不過,一般認為對台灣政局影響有限;基於國民黨主觀、客觀因素導致選情低迷,頹勢難振,此事扭轉民進黨再執政大趨勢的可能性極微。這次「習馬會」,初步看來雙邊各有所求。
雖然馬英九備受批評,但是他掌政之後,兩岸不再劍拔弩張,轉向積極互動發展;他一直視維持兩岸穩定和平發展為最大政績,對明年5月離任時的歷史評價,甚為重視。放在這個框架檢視「習馬會」,馬英九個人有得着,因為他在總統任內與習近平會面,雖然隱沒了職稱,但是日後對他在國民黨的地位以至對島內政治影響力,都有加分作用。
至於大陸此時此際同意安排「習馬會」,相信考慮更多。首先,或許有嘗試提振國民黨選情之意,不過「大陸因素」在台灣選舉卻未必全然正面。「習馬會」對國民黨選情的影響,主要視乎是否操作恰當。
其次,不排除「習馬會」是大陸為後國民黨時期的台灣情勢作鋪墊。民進黨重新執政高唱入雲,一般相信它的兩岸政策與國民黨不同,在美國亞太再平衡戰略底下,美日如何利用台灣這顆棋子,將牽動台海形態。民進黨強勢執政,國民黨內鬥分裂不知道伊于胡底,屆時大陸如何掌控台灣情勢,費煞思量。今次「習馬會」,事先聲言不會簽署任何協議,不會有共同聲明,也不會有共同記者會,就是一次見面而已。由此看來,這次「習馬會」只為雙邊交換意見,不打算達至什麼具體成果。

台灣陸委會主任委員夏立言提到「習馬會」後,希望兩岸領導人見面能制度化;這是一個良好願望。只是台獨屬性的民進黨,難以寄望它輕易蕭規曹隨。儘管馬英九參與開創了先例,但是他日民進黨掌政,只要蔡英文不願意卻可以棄如敝屣。因此,「習馬會」是兩岸互動層級和形式的突破,卻很難期望有具體成果,對台灣政局帶來翻天覆地變化的可能性極微。

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