2014年6月5日 星期四

禮失求諸野 燭光耀中華

<轉載自201465 明報 社評>

六四事件25周年,昨晚,以十萬計市民參加維園燭光晚會,燭光之海,淹沒了維園。香港市民年復一年透過燭光晚會,向世人宣示港人不會忘記那一場駭人聽聞的血腥鎮壓慘案,要求中共當局交代真相,平反六四定性,還遇害同胞一個公道。在內地,當權者企圖把六四從國人的記憶抹走,但是在神州大地偏處一隅、飄揚五星紅旗的香港,卻因為港人的執著和堅持,使當權者的目的未能得逞。香港在中國30多年來經濟發展的巨大變化中,起過一定作用;日後若中國走上民主大道,相信香港人在六四事件上的擇善固執是盡了微薄的棉力。

「六四在香港」遭當權者與本土派夾擊

當年六四血腥鎮壓,全球震動,西方陣營對中國實施制裁,在中國大陸以外的華人社會、社區,一致譴責當權者的冷血暴行;隨時日推移,現在舉世對六四事件還有普遍社會氛圍的,香港肯定稱冠。在內地,當權者強力打壓,國人都不敢公開吭聲;西方陣營忙與中國做生意,早已放下六四;至於大陸以外最大的華人社會——台灣,近年每到六四,從官方到民間的低調,僅剩聊備一格而已;海外華人社區由於身處異鄉,淡化和淡忘六四,更被認為是理所當然了。

唯獨香港,25年來與六四相關事宜,從來只有熱議。例如:當局怎樣處理六四活動和集會,從來都被放在顯微鏡之下檢驗,以確定有否收緊甚至打壓;教科書的六四內容,從來都是敏感話題;政治人物對六四的言行,被用作判別立場以至政治操守誠信的標尺。另外,港人除了受六四事態觸動,近年中央與特區關係的微妙變化,影響了港人對六四的投入程度,特別是近年中央機構(包括港澳辦中聯辦等)對香港內部事務,介入既廣且深,平日港人對此的無奈、無力感,燭光晚會被認為是表達不滿「香港被干預」的平台。

就事態發展可見,「六四」的內涵愈來愈豐富,有成為香港價值體系一部分、而且是重要組成部分的趨勢。我們提出這一點,是有感於一些象顯示,當局開始處理六四與香港的關係,例如透過有組織的街頭行動,宣揚官方的六四說法等;例如有教科書淡化六四事件,未提及軍隊鎮壓導致學生民傷亡等;當局就這些事態的角色和影響力,都是值得關注的發展。不過,無論當局有什麼盤算,要同時指出的是,有所謂本土派以切斷香港的六四情意結,視為區分香港與中國大陸兩地互不相干的表徵。事態呈現出來了:當「六四在香港」同時遭到當局(包括官方)與本土派夾擊,會是怎樣的一種狀,值得關注。

參與維園燭光晚會的市民,相信絕大多數的動機和目的都十分單純,只是希望以點點燭光凝聚起來的力量,有朝一日促使中共當局交代真相、追究責任,還死難者公道。大多數市民不會把事態想得太複雜,但是主事者支聯會有責任認清形勢,他們要把握好方向,即使外部環境有變化、有挑戰,仍然要穩住陣腳;就六四事件的性質,堅持「平反六四」是最恰當的訴求。事實上,若事態發展至促使中共當局要調查真相、平反動亂定性,屆時當年學生民爭取的就有可能實現,也可以告慰死難者在天之靈。

當權者要消滅記憶 香港人要強固記憶

總的而言,香港在六四事件擔當了「禮失求諸野」角色。中共當局強力打壓,國人同胞暫時缺乏爭取民主的空間,香港託庇於「一國兩制」,中共當局暫時還不敢從根本上打壓,使香港在促進內地民主方面,在特定時空擔當了一定角色。其實,香港這類禮失求諸野角色,上一次是文化大革命期間,內地瘋狂破壞傳統文化,香港與台灣在保護中華文化和承傳,都起了重要作用,特別是當時香港由英國管治,香港文化人託庇於殖民主義者,做了大量禮失求諸野的工作;撫今追昔,檢視現在中共當局對傳統中華文化的弘揚,折射香港在中華文化的發揚和傳承,對得起列祖列宗。

香港在六四事件的作用,不同於保護文化與傳承,首要做的是打好「強固記憶」與「消滅記憶」這一仗。當權者企圖使全民對六四失去記憶,從而抹去其歷史罪行,這是大陸正在發生的事,在香港已見苗頭;因此,使港人以至國人同胞不會對六四事件失憶,特別是記得關鍵緊要之處,不被別有用心的說法所模糊,就十分重要。支聯會設立的「六四紀念館」,十分必要和重要,它將成為六四事件的記憶載體,也會成為對更多人擴散記憶、使更多人擁有共同記憶的平台。據介紹,經常有內地旅客來港之後,到紀念館參觀,顯示已經發揮擴散記憶功能。

維園六四燭光晚會,舉行了四分之一個世紀,港人的堅持和執著,有人認為香港已經成為「中國的良心」,而強化集體記憶,是同當權者抗衡的重要武器。昨晚維園以十萬計的燭光,說明香港享有自由的可貴,值得倍加珍惜;這十萬計燭光,也是港人身分印記的共同符號,在13億國人同胞暫時無法享有自由燃點燭光的時候,昨晚維園的燭光,更具象徵和實質意義。這是香港人值得驕傲的燭光,期望早日能與國人同胞分享。

Candlelight will illuminate China

LAST EVENING (June 4) hundreds of thousands attended a candlelight vigil held in Victoria Park to mark the 25th anniversary of the June 4 Incident. The park was inundated with candlelight. Year after year, Hong Kong people tell the world with the annual vigil they will not forget the appalling bloody crackdown. They demand that the Chinese Communist authorities tell the truth, reverse their verdict on the incident and give those killed in the crackdown justice. On the mainland, the powers that be want people's June 4 memories erased. Because of Hong Kong people's perseverance, they cannot have their way in Hong Kong, which is on the edge of the Divine Land and where Five-Starred Red Flags flutter.

Judging from what has happened, June 4 is becoming richer and richer in connotation. It tends to become an integral part of Hong Kong's values. We have mentioned this because there are signs that the authorities have begun to deal with the relationship between June 4 and Hong Kong. It is necessary to point out at the same time that some who are called localists suggest that Hong Kong should have its "June 4 complex" cut away to make it clear that the two regions should have little to do with each other. It is a concern what will happen when "June 4 in Hong Kong" is attacked by both the authorities and the localists.

It is said that "rites out of use could be found in the wilderness". So far as June 4 is concerned, Hong Kong people are like those who preserved rites in the wilderness. Because of the Chinese authorities' high-handed suppression, it is not possible for our compatriots to fight for democracy on the mainland. Hong Kong being shielded by "one country, two systems", the Chinese Communist authorities do not dare yet to have all pro-democracy activities suppressed here. Hong Kong has therefore a role to play in fostering democracy on the mainland. Hong Kong played a similar role when the Cultural Revolution raged on the mainland. When traditional Chinese culture was destroyed in a frenzy there, both Hong Kong and Taiwan did much to preserve it.

As regards June 4, what Hong Kong should do first is to fight a good battle for perpetuating June 4 memories. The powers that be have been trying to have June 4 memories erased with a view to wiping out the crimes the Chinese authorities committed. What is happening on the mainland is likely to happen here. It is therefore very important to make sure that Hong Kong people and our compatriots will not forget June 4 - to prevent crucial facts from being blurred by theories which some having ulterior motives may advance. The June 4 Museum, which the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China has set up, is both important and necessary. It is a carrier of June 4 memories. It will help disseminate those memories so that more people will be in possession of them. The Museum is reportedly frequented by mainland visitors. Clearly, it serves the function of disseminating memories.

Hong Kong has seen the annual June 4 vigil at Victoria Park for a quarter of a century. Citizens have displayed such perseverance that some believe Hong Kong has become China's conscience. Indelible collective memories are a powerful weapon that may be used in fighting against the powers that be. It is clear from the light of the hundreds of thousands of candles that burned last evening at Victoria Park how valuable the freedoms are that Hong Kong people enjoy. They ought to be doubly cherished. The light of the hundreds of thousands of candles is also a symbol of Hong Kong people's common identity. When the 1.3 billion mainlanders are not free to light their own candles to mark June 4, such candlelight is of both symbolic and real significance. Hong Kong people take pride in such candlelight, which we hope we will soon share with our compatriots on the mainland.

禮失求諸野 燭光耀中華

六四事件25周年,昨晚,以十萬計市民參加維園燭光晚會,燭光之海,淹沒了維園。香港市民年復一年透過燭光晚會,向世人宣示港人不會忘記那一場駭人聽聞的血腥鎮壓慘案,要求中共當局交代真相,平反六四定性,還遇害同胞一個公道。在內地,當權者企圖把六四從國人的記憶抹走,但是在神州大地偏處一隅、飄揚五星紅旗的香港,卻因為港人的執著和堅持,使當權者的目的未能得逞。

就事態發展可見,「六四」的內涵愈來愈豐富,有成為香港價值體系重要組成部分的趨勢。我們提出這一點,是有感於一些象顯示,當局開始處理六四與香港的關係。要同時指出的是,有所謂本土派以切斷香港的六四情意結,視為區分香港與中國大陸兩地互不相干的表徵。當「六四在香港」同時遭到當局(包括官方)與本土派夾擊,會是怎樣的一種狀,值得關注。

總的而言,香港在六四事件擔當了「禮失求諸野」角色。中共當局強力打壓,國人同胞暫時缺乏爭取民主的空間,香港託庇於「一國兩制」,中共當局暫時還不敢從根本上打壓,使香港在促進內地民主方面擔當了一定角色。香港這類禮失求諸野角色,上一次是文化大革命期間,內地瘋狂破壞傳統文化,香港與台灣在保護中華文化做了大量工作。

香港在六四事件的作用首要做的是打好「強固記憶」這一仗。當權者企圖使全民對六四失去記憶,從而抹去其歷史罪行,這是大陸正在發生的事,在香港已見苗頭;因此,使港人以至國人同胞不會對六四事件失憶,特別是記得關鍵緊要之處,不被別有用心的說法所模糊,就十分重要。支聯會設立的「六四紀念館」,十分必要和重要,它將成為六四事件的記憶載體,也會成為對更多人擴散記憶、使更多人擁有共同記憶的平台。據介紹,經常有內地旅客來港之後,到紀念館參觀,顯示已經發揮擴散記憶功能。


維園六四燭光晚會,舉行了四分之一個世紀,港人的堅持和執著,有人認為香港已經成為「中國的良心」,而強化集體記憶,是同當權者抗衡的重要武器。昨晚維園以十萬計的燭光,說明香港享有自由的可貴,值得倍加珍惜;這十萬計燭光,也是港人身分印記的共同符號,在13億國人同胞暫時無法享有自由燃點燭光的時候,昨晚維園的燭光,更具象徵和實質意義。這是香港人值得驕傲的燭光,期望早日能與國人同胞分享。

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