2014年6月4日 星期三

民慟巨刺必須拔除 國殤六四必須平反

<轉載自2014年6月4日 明報 社評>

今日是六四事件25周年。1989年爆發的那一場愛國民主運動,檢視其肇因、處理以至後續發展,顯示中共當局缺乏自省,也缺乏糾正錯誤的勇氣,而中共作為中國的執政黨,不尋求合情合理解決六四事件,卻讓這條巨刺橫亙在民族與當權者之間,成為國家復興的不確定因素,這是不負責任的取態。中共掌握全國資源,應該主動解決六四事件,爭取過程與結果可控;若他日情勢改變,中共被迫為之,則民族和國家可能遭受的折騰,可能難以想像。解決六四事件是中共應該思考應對的大事。

貪污腐敗 25年未解決

六四事件發生後四分之一個世紀,中共當局有3點使人失望。首先,六四事件源於原任總書記胡耀邦逝世,當時正值改革開放新舊思維激盪、貪污腐敗盛行、官倒橫行啄食民脂民膏的日子,而胡耀邦思想作風開放,「一生為民,兩袖清風」,對照當時官場,他的死在社會上引發巨大迴響:北京民、工人自發到天安門廣場悼念胡耀邦,藉此表達對貪腐和官倒的不滿;其後學生加入,事態演變至靜坐、集會、遊行等,訴求轉而爭取政治民主,許多省市都有民眾和學生響應,發展成為一場波瀾壯闊的愛國民主運動。

六四事件源於反貪腐、反官倒,十分重要。運動被當權者以暴烈手段鎮壓之後,清廉官員、廉潔政府並未出現,檢視過去25年,內地官場腐敗、官員貪污的程度,被認為遠超中國歷史上任何一個朝代,民怨之深,掌權後的習近平一再說貪污腐敗會「亡國亡黨」,情之嚴重,可見一斑。中共十八大之後,習近平致力肅貪倡廉,是事實,不過,對付貪官污吏,是否攙雜權鬥等操作考慮,仍待觀察。總之,六四事件25年之後,內地官場未回應當年民學生的廉潔訴求,貪污腐敗變本加厲。這是中共當局使人失望之一。

定性錯誤 25年未解決

一場愛國民主運動,被軍隊開槍、坦克橫衝直撞鎮壓下去,關鍵是運動被定性為「動亂」,最終演變至大流血收場。定性錯誤,是中共黨內權力鬥爭的結果,時任總理的李鵬伙同李錫銘(時任北京市委書記)、陳希同(時任北京市長),影響了鄧小平對運動的判斷。中共當局若要搞清楚這段歷程,絕非難事;事實上,近年李鵬和陳希同分別出版類如回憶錄的書籍,都相互推卸責任,企圖淡化自己的角色、撇清在血腥鎮壓的責任。這類大血案的歷史責任,會使一個人遺臭萬年,李鵬和陳希同等人當然想卸責,但是在事實面前,他們的奔忙,歷史將證明會徒勞無功。

李鵬和陳希同為自己開脫,實際上暴露了當年對運動的定性和鎮壓,另有別情。中共一直說六四事件真相已經大白,不過,從李鵬與陳希同的說辭,證明在關鍵之處有不同說法、有不同版本,中共當局若是負責任的執政黨,應該開展嚴肅調查,探求真相,還大血案死難者一個公道。中共當局捨此不為,不肯還歷史真相,有袒護甚至包庇殺人元兇之嫌。這是中共當局使人失望之二。

平反六四 25年未解決

25年過去了,中共換了3名領導人,江澤民是六四事件的得益者,他不能提出調查真相與平反事件,可以理解;胡錦濤與血腥鎮壓無關,他10年任內對此毫無作為,已經使不少人失望;今時今日,50後的習近平與六四事件的一切事宜,絲毫沾不上邊,只是兩年下來,不僅未見他就此事嘗試消解民怨,反而出現歷來最強橫的維穩局面。中共當局為了應對六四事件25周年,在北京的異見人士不是被旅遊,就是被拘禁,或是被要求噤聲,肅殺程度歷來僅見。

內地著名維權律師浦志強,當年參與六四事件,其後考取律師執照,從事包括維權工作,這些年,雖然他身分敏感,但是維權工作做得有理有節,被認為「有度」,從未遇到大麻煩。六四事件20周年,浦志強接受本報訪問時強調理性,不再主張衝突和暴力,以爭取做事空間,利用專業知識推進中國的法治,云云。浦志強要在體制內促進中國進步的務實取態,以往獲接受(未受官方打壓),今年他在出席了一場紀念六四的研討會後,即被當局以涉嫌「尋釁滋事罪」刑事拘留。中共當局對務實維權人士的打壓,使人憂慮。

現在中共的當權者與血腥鎮壓無關,他們打擊異見人士的力度,超過前人;中共當局對美國、日本聯手的咄咄逼人,針鋒相對,人民手無寸鐵,只是開會表達意見,卻被扣起來,反映中共當局不怕美日卻害怕人民?事態極其諷刺。中共當局對參與六四活動人士的打壓,毫無道理,即使人民都被滅音了,六四事件解決了嗎?沒有解決。這是中共當局使人失望之三。

糾正錯誤 政治家本色

六四血案是橫亙在人民與中共當局之間的一條巨刺,民族、國家能否正常復興,也因此存在變數。中共不是沒有糾正自己錯誤的傳統,文革後,鄧小平、胡耀邦平反了大量冤假錯案,糾正了「大躍進」和「反右」的錯誤,更徹底否定了毛澤東發動並視為重要政治遺產的「文化大革命」。當年,若非中共領導層衝破保守勢力阻撓,勇敢地否定「文革」,也不會有後來勢如破竹的改革開放形勢。現在,有擔當的政治家,更應展現政治智慧、勇氣、遠見和魄力,及時啟動重新評價六四事件,並最終平反「六四」,這將是大得黨心民心、凝聚全國共識、重塑中國核心價值的歷史性舉措。這是擺在中共眼前的任務。

The June 4 Incident must be vindicated

TODAY marks the 25th anniversary of the June 4 Incident. What broke out in 1989 was a patriotic democratic movement, and as we examine why it happened, how it was handled and what ensued, it is clear to us that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has yet to reflect on what it has done and still lacks the courage to correct its mistakes.

The CPC has disappointed us in three ways. First, the June 4 Incident was triggered by the death of Hu Yaobang, a former General Secretary of the CPC. It happened at a time when ideas old and new bounced around by virtue of the reform and opening up policy. It was also a time of rampant corruption, as government officials were busy fattening their pockets with the country's wealth. Many years have elapsed since the movement was brutally crushed by the authorities, but still honest officials and clean government are nowhere to be found. Quite the contrary, corruption among mainland officials at the moment is, as observed by many commentators, worse than under any dynasty in Chinese history. This is the first way in which the CPC has let us down.

The patriotic democratic movement ended in bloodshed. Guns were fired and tanks went hurtling everywhere. It ended in this way because of the authorities' mistake of regarding the movement as "a riot". That was itself a result of a power struggle within the CPC, as Li Pang, the then Chinese premier, ganging up with Li Ximing (the then Beijing party chief) and Chen Xitong (the then Beijing mayor), succeeded in skewing Deng Xiaoping's judgement on the movement. The CPC would be regarded as a responsible ruling party if it had launched a serious investigation into the incident and done justice to the dead. Its failure to do so can be interpreted as an attempt to shield, or cover up for, the perpetrators of the massacre, and this is the second reason why we have been let down.

25 years have now gone by. Recently, as the CPC was bracing itself for another June 4 anniversary, dissidents in Beijing have been forcibly evicted from their homes (or, in the words of mainlanders, have been made "unwilling vacationers"), detained or silenced. An unprecedented feeling of suppression pervades the country. Pu Zhiqiang, a prominent civil rights lawyer on the mainland, was 25 years ago a participant in the June 4 movement. He later became a practising lawyer and started devoting himself to the championship of civil rights. Despite the sensitivity of his political background, he did his work with reason and restraint, and had never found himself in too terrible a predicament. But this year, after attending a seminar on June 4, he was put into criminal detention for "picking a quarrel". The CPC's suppression of people participating in June 4-related activities is utterly unjustified. Even if it managed to silence everyone, the June 4 incident would remain nothing but an unsettled issue. This is the third way in which the CPC has let us down.

The June 4 massacre is a giant wedge driven between the people and the CPC, putting China's national rejuvenation at stake. Any responsible politician should demonstrate his political wisdom, courage, vision and vigour by launching a timely reassessment of the June 4 Incident, and have those who perished in the movement vindicated. Such a historic move will win him the hearts of the CPC and the people. The Chinese people will arrive at a consensus, and the core values of China will be rebuilt. This is the task lying ahead of the CPC.

民慟巨刺必須拔除 國殤六四必須平反

今日是六四事件25周年。1989年爆發的那一場愛國民主運動,檢視其肇因、處理以至後續發展,顯示中共當局缺乏自省,也缺乏糾正錯誤的勇氣。

中共當局有3點使人失望。首先,六四事件源於原任總書記胡耀邦逝世,當時正值改革開放新舊思維激盪、貪污腐敗盛行、官倒橫行啄食民脂民膏的日子。運動被當權者以暴烈手段鎮壓之後,清廉官員、廉潔政府並未出現,檢視過去25年,內地官場腐敗、官員貪污的程度,被認為遠超中國歷史上任何一個朝代。這是中共當局使人失望之一。

一場愛國民主運動,被軍隊開槍、坦克橫衝直撞鎮壓下去,關鍵是運動被定性為「動亂」,最終演變至大流血收場。定性錯誤,是中共黨內權力鬥爭的結果,時任總理的李鵬伙同李錫銘(時任北京市委書記)、陳希同(時任北京市長),影響了鄧小平對運動的判斷。中共當局若是負責任的執政黨,應該開展嚴肅調查,探求真相,還大血案死難者一個公道。中共當局捨此不為,有袒護甚至包庇殺人元兇之嫌。這是中共當局使人失望之二。

25年過去了。中共當局為了應對六四事件25周年,在北京的異見人士不是被旅遊,就是被拘禁,或是被要求噤聲,肅殺程度歷來僅見。內地著名維權律師浦志強,當年參與六四事件,其後考取律師執照,從事包括維權工作,這些年,雖然他身分敏感,但是維權工作做得有理有節,從未遇到大麻煩。今年他在出席了一場紀念六四的研討會後,即被當局以涉嫌「尋釁滋事罪」刑事拘留。中共當局對參與六四活動人士的打壓,毫無道理,即使人民都被滅音了,六四事件解決了嗎?沒有解決。這是中共當局使人失望之三。

六四血案是橫亙在人民與中共當局之間的一條巨刺,民族、國家能否正常復興,也因此存在變數。有擔當的政治家,應展現政治智慧、勇氣、遠見和魄力,及時啟動重新評價六四事件,並最終平反「六四」,這將是大得黨心民心、凝聚全國共識、重塑中國核心價值的歷史性舉措。這是擺在中共眼前的任務。



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