2014年9月15日 星期一

內地經濟下行壓力大 免殃及香港須早預防

<轉載自2014915 明報 社評>

上星期內地出台的連串經濟數據令人擔憂,8月份的生產物價指數(PPI)下降1.2%,跌幅擴大0.3個百分點;同一時期公布的消費物價指數(CPI)增長2%,比上月下降0.3個百分點。必須注意的是,截至今年8月,生產物價指數的同比下降已持續30個月;歷史上,生產物價指數出現如此長時期的回落,只有在金融海嘯的2008年至2009年,以及亞洲金融風暴的1997年至1998年出現,這顯示中國經濟下行壓力加大的勢頭,香港對此必須有所準備,不要待危機殺到才警覺,恐怕到時為時已晚。

國務院總理李克強910日在天津舉行的夏季達沃斯論壇開幕致辭,不止一次提到「經濟下行壓力加大」,顯示中國政府已經注意到這一趨勢,李克強並提出多種對應構想,包括「保持定力,不搞強剌激,沒有放鬆銀根,強力推進改革,大力調整結構」等。這些政策及實行方向都傾向結構性改革,然而正是由於牽涉到結構,解決之道就困難得多。尤其是生產物價指數持續下降,反映需求依然疲弱,企業盈利空間進一步縮小,經濟增長放緩。這一情難以通過政策性的短期措施得到扭轉,而中國政府的經濟增長大約7.5%的目標,在此一時間也受到外界的質疑。

對此,李克強在達沃斯論壇的講話已多次提及,顯示中國當局有決心面對經濟下行風險,提出綱領性的措施方向。不過,遠水未必馬上能救近火,生產物價指數的低迷之外,還有是消費物價指數下滑,儘管9月份可能因中秋節及國慶臨近而反彈,但總的趨勢仍會是持續低迷,低通脹局面在年底前難望有所反彈,通縮風險上升,情勢難以令人樂觀。另一方面,由於害怕呆壞帳風險,銀行不願借貸,就是有也是短期,銀根抽緊之下,內地接連出現地產商供股

中國經濟大氣候 香港難獨善其身

內地經濟下行風險加大,香港必須有所準備。近半年零售巿道下滑,今年頭半年零售業錄得按年下跌1.3%,相對於去年的11%升幅,那是巨大的落差;今年7月份的珠寶首飾、鐘表及名貴禮品,銷貨價值比去年同期下跌逾兩成。這是令人擔憂的逆向,其中一個原因,是內地自由行旅客增長放緩,消費巿場受到影響。本報早前報道,有鐘表店有削舖計劃,位於尖沙嘴及銅鑼灣黃金地段的3個舖位擬不續租。至於澳門則是連續3個月博彩業收入下跌,港澳兩地都受到內地政策及經濟變化的影響,都在各自尋找解決之道。

零售業表面上是香港經濟的單獨一環,但由於相關行業酒店、運輸有不少從業員,一旦出現翻覆,連鎖反應必不能馬上歇止,香港必須未雨綢繆,有所準備。從目前的情看來,旅遊或零售行業應該多開渠道,必須吸引內地以外國家及地區遊客,過於集中的風險已擺在眼前。不過,香港有時間上的優勢,這一刻內地旅客減少仍未至於災難性,應趁這一空檔迅速展開工作,加大對其他地區旅客的推廣,也可以考慮為行內從業員提供學習機會,津貼培訓,為轉型作準備。

香港面對的情狀是大氣候下的必然,因為,國際貨幣基金組織亞太部區域研究處處長杜沃爾(Romain Duval)今年5月撰文,便指出亞洲經濟體的同步性不斷增強,尤其是中國國內需求,對於區內其他國家及地區的重要性愈來愈大;他特別在文章中表示,香港及澳洲最受中國影響。這可以解釋近期中國經濟的下行風險,令香港在大氣候下受到衝擊的態勢明顯。

開發產業燃眉之急 獨沽一味極易覆亡

職是之故,從更長遠的層次而言,這也是我們在社評多次提及的看法:必須開發新產業,否則獨沽一味,一旦外圍或內在因素影響,容易一整條船覆沒。可惜的是,香港社會從政府到社會,大都汲汲於眼前利益,沒有宏觀視野,回歸17年來,各式產業意念實行的屈指可數。說起來也許會令巿民氣餒,說到底香港幾乎只有一種產業——地產——這種經濟短視帶來的「餐搵餐食餐餐清」的急功近利,日子好時確可以得到三餐溫飽,可是一旦雷電交加,便不能持續發展。內地經濟此刻陰霾滿佈,是時候防患於未然,否則香港這條小船,隨時會在一次波濤掀翻,落得慘劇收場。

HK must take precautions

SOME figures of the mainland economy that came out last week are worrying. Last August the producer price index (PPI) dropped 1.2%, and the decrease in it grew 0.3 percentage point. The consumer price index (CPI) announced at the same time grew 2%, down 0.3 percentage point on the previous month. It must be noticed that, as of last August, the year-on-year decrease in the PPI had persisted thirty months. Such a protracted decrease happened only in 2008-2009 (the financial tsunami) and 1997-1998 (the Asian financial turmoil). That points to a growing tendency towards a downturn in the mainland economy. Hong Kong must be prepared for this eventuality or it will be too late when the crisis is imminent.

Hong Kong must brace itself as the risk of the mainland economy turning down has now grown. Over the past six months, retail sales have declined in the territory. Retail sales in the first half of this year were 1.3% down on the same period of last year, which is quite a sharp contrast to the 11% increase reported last year. Last July, sales of jewellery, watches and de luxe gifts were down over 20% on the same period of last year. That is a worrying setback. A reason why such a thing has happened is that the growth in IVS (Individual Visit Scheme) visitor arrivals has slowed down. As this newspaper reported some time ago, a watch retailer planned to cut the number of its shops and intended not to renew its leases on three shops in prime sections in Tsim Sha Tsui and Causeway Bay.

On the face of it, retailing is just a single segment of Hong Kong's economy. However, many work in tourism-related sectors like hospitality and transportation. Once a decline sets in, a chain reaction will begin, which cannot possibly be stopped immediately. Hong Kong must make hay when the sun shines. Judging from the present situation, those in tourism and retailing should open up new channels. They must try to bring in visitors from places other than the mainland as the risk of over-concentration is facing the SAR. Nevertheless, time is on our side. The decrease in mainland visitor arrivals is not yet disastrous. We must seize the opportunity to start promptly to work more vigorously to market Hong Kong to other places. We should also consider encouraging tourism-related employees to prepare themselves against a restructuring by providing them with learning opportunities and training subsidies.

We have repeatedly urged in this column that the SAR must develop new industries because, if its economy remains dependent on a single industry, the whole ship will probably be wrecked when anything untoward happens here or elsewhere. It is a shame that most people in the public sector or the private sector are too eager to safeguard their immediate interests to have a macroscopic vision. Few ideas of developing new industries in Hong Kong have been carried out since it reverted to Chinese sovereignty seventeen years ago. It is perhaps disheartening to mention it, but, in the final analysis, it is almost certainly true that Hong Kong has only one industry - property. Economic myopia has led to an eagerness for instant profits. Hong Kong is like a person who just earns what he can and immediately spends what he has earned. When things are favourable, it can "earn its keep". However, when a thunderstorm comes, its sustained development will become impossible. Now dense clouds darken the mainland economy, it is time we took steps to prevent trouble. Unless we do so, the boat called Hong Kong will be in great danger of calamitously capsizing in a roaring sea.

內地經濟下行壓力 免殃及香港須早預防

上星期內地出台的連串經濟數據令人擔憂,8月份的生產物價指數(PPI)下降1.2%,跌幅擴大0.3個百分點;同一時期公布的消費物價指數(CPI)增長2%,比上月下降0.3個百分點。必須注意的是,截至今年8月,生產物價指數的同比下降已持續30個月;歷史上,生產物價指數出現如此長時期的回落,只有在金融海嘯的2008年至2009年,以及亞洲金融風暴的1997年至1998年出現,這顯示中國經濟下行壓力加大的勢頭,香港對此必須有所準備,不要待危機殺到才警覺,恐怕到時為時已晚。

內地經濟下行風險加大,香港必須有所準備。近半年零售巿道下滑,今年頭半年零售業錄得按年下跌1.3%,相對於去年的11%升幅,那是巨大的落差;今年7月份的珠寶首飾、鐘表及名貴禮品,銷貨價值比去年同期下跌逾兩成。這是令人擔憂的逆向,其中一個原因,是內地自由行旅客增長放緩,消費巿場受到影響。本報早前報道,有鐘表店有削舖計劃,位於尖沙嘴及銅鑼灣黃金地段的3個舖位擬不續租。

零售業表面上是香港經濟的單獨一環,但由於相關行業酒店、運輸有不少從業員,一旦出現翻覆,連鎖反應必不能馬上歇止,香港必須未雨綢繆,有所準備。從目前的情看來,旅遊或零售行業應該多開渠道,必須吸引內地以外國家及地區遊客,過於集中的風險已擺在眼前。不過,香港有時間上的優勢,這一刻內地旅客減少仍未至於災難性,應趁這一空檔迅速展開工作,加大對其他地區旅客的推廣,也可以考慮為行內從業員提供學習機會,津貼培訓,為轉型作準備。


我們在社評多次提及:必須開發新產業,否則獨沽一味,一旦外圍或內在因素影響,容易一整條船覆沒。可惜的是,香港社會從政府到社會,大都汲汲於眼前利益,沒有宏觀視野,回歸17年來,各式產業意念實行的屈指可數。說起來也許會令巿民氣餒,說到底香港幾乎只有一種產業地產這種經濟短視帶來的「餐搵餐食餐餐清」的急功近利,日子好時確可以得到三餐溫飽,可是一旦雷電交加,便不能持續發展。內地經濟此刻陰霾滿佈,是時候防患於未然,否則香港這條小船,隨時會在一次波濤掀翻,落得慘劇收場。

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