<轉載自2020年8月17日 明報 社評>
中美關係近期的驚濤駭浪,令外界「目不暇給」。近兩周,中國3名外交高官王毅、楊潔篪、樂玉成先後發聲,回應美國國務卿蓬佩奧上月的對華「新冷戰宣言」,闡述中方對美政策,在駁斥美方指控的同時,強調保持兩國對話的重要,拒絕與美國脫鈎、打新冷戰、升級外交戰,總體調子溫和冷靜,被一些輿論解讀為中方放軟立場、「戰狼」收斂。惟通觀3人言論,原則未有退讓,堅持對話也是對美一貫立場。而且這些言論既是講給美國聽的,也訴諸國內民眾和世界輿論,有助澄清誤解,明辨真相,在美國大選前的敏感時期,有軟有硬,有理有利有節地應對美方出牌,對於維護中美關係大局穩定,尤為重要。
楊潔篪王毅樂玉成言論 北京對美政策權威聲音
8月5日,國務委員兼外長王毅接受新華社專訪,就中美關係答問;8月7日,中共中央政治局委員兼中央外事辦公室主任楊潔篪在新華網發表署名文章,題為〈尊重歷史,面向未來,堅定不移維護和穩定中美關係〉;8月12日,外交部副部長樂玉成接受內地觀察者網專訪,專訪的標題是〈復活冷戰是時空錯亂之舉〉。3人中楊潔篪官階最高,資歷亦最深,早在1970年代中期中美尚未建交之時,就與時任美國駐北京聯絡處主任老布殊相識,曾三度奉派駐美,前後長達12年,官至駐美大使,是北京高層中的「美國通」,現在是國家主席習近平的首席外交顧問;王毅7年前接替楊潔篪任外長,兩年前晉升國務委員,躋身國家領導人行列;樂玉成則是外交部分管日常業務和港澳台事務的首席副部長。3人的發言,應可被視為北京對美政策的最權威聲音。
從3人的發言看,王毅的7000多字訪談,主要是回應蓬佩奧7月23日的演講以及美方對中方的各項指控,同時較全面闡述了中國的應對方略,符合外交部首腦的身分。楊潔篪的6000多字長文,以過來人身分較多從歷史回顧角度談中美關係;樂玉成的訪談,主要面向內地網民,用詞較為尖銳,但仍強調不會跟隨美方節奏起舞,呼籲兩國重開對話。
楊潔篪的文章,引述1972年2月美國首位破冰訪華的總統尼克遜在北京人民大會堂歡迎宴會上致辭時所言,「你們深信你們的制度,我們同樣深信我們的制度。我們在這裏見面,並不是由於我們有共同的信仰,而是由於我們有共同的利益和共同的希望」,批駁美國政客聲稱當初與中國接觸和建交是為了改變中國,污衊中國多年來欺騙美方,是對幾十年來推動兩國關係發展人士的「褻瀆」。文中還披露了一些中美以往鮮為人知的合作範例,如雙方在東帝汶開展糧食安全三方合作、聯合培訓阿富汗外交官、在非洲聯手抗擊伊波拉疫情等。
王毅的訪談,則點名回應蓬佩奧在加州尼克遜總統圖書館的演講,逐點批駁美方「對華接觸政策失敗」、「對華交往吃虧」、「中美對話無用」,以及國際「中美陷入新冷戰」等觀點,闡述了中國對美的4項方針:明確底線,避免對抗;暢通渠道,坦誠對話;拒絕脫鈎,保持合作;放棄零和,共擔責任。同時,又重提他7月9日向中美智庫媒體視頻論壇致辭時提出的,中美需要理出合作、對話、管控的3份清單。
堅持務實對話非示弱 不被極端勢力所左右
王毅在訪談中提出,中方「準備以冷靜和理智來面對美方的衝動和焦躁」,隨時可與美方重啟各層級、各領域的對話機制,「任何問題都可以拿到桌面上來談」。他表示,中方沒有意願也沒有興趣與美方打「外交戰」,但警告若美方「一錯再錯」,中方必將「奉陪到底」。可見,上述言論表現出務實理性、不卑不亢的態度,與外界所說的「戰狼」示弱完全是兩碼子事。
同時,王毅也表示,中方「無意同任何國家進行制度競爭,無意同任何國家搞意識形態對抗」。中國將「和平發展」載入憲法,是世界上首個作出這一莊重承諾的國家,重申中國永遠不稱霸,永遠不搞擴張。對於南海問題,他呼籲地區國家提高警覺,「不能讓美方肆意破壞來之不易的和平與發展成果」,建議盡快重啟「南海行為準則」磋商,爭取早日達成這一規則。王毅的這些話,不僅僅是講給美國聽的,也是講給世界其他國家聽的。
樂玉成的訪談說得更直白一些,他說,中方「不會隨小人起舞,但也絕不容他們胡來。我們從不打第一槍,每一步都是後發制人」,更明說「未來幾個月十分關鍵,我們要保持定力,不被各種極端勢力所左右,牢牢把握兩國關係的正確方向,確保其不失控、不脫軌」。這裏所說的「各種極端勢力」,是否既包括崇美恐美的「投降派」,也包括鼓吹不惜一戰的「主戰派」,可圈可點,耐人尋味。中美高官將會舉行檢討首階段貿易協議執行情况的視像對話,是繼楊潔篪與蓬佩奧6月夏威夷會談後的又一次高層會晤,也是對中方堅持對話策略的又一觀察窗口。
Three Chinese diplomats' comments on Sino-US relations
THE SINO-US relationship has been stormy recently. To the international
community, such developments have been dazzling. Over the past two weeks, three
high-ranking diplomats of China, namely Wang Yi, Yang Jiechi and Le Yucheng,
have responded to US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's "new cold war declaration"
last month one after another. They delineated China's policies towards the US.
While dismissing the US's accusations, they also stressed the need to maintain
dialogue between the two nations, expressing China's refusal to decouple itself
from the US, engage in a cold war or escalate the diplomatic row. As their
responses are generally calm and temperate in tone, they have been interpreted
by some observers as China's softening of its stance and refraining from its
"wolf warrior" diplomatic style.
On August 5 Wang Yi, a State Councillor and the Foreign Minister, gave
an interview to the Xinhua News Agency and answered questions on Sino-US
relations. On August 7 Yang Jiechi, a Politburo member and Director of the
Central Foreign Affairs Commission Office, published an article on the Xinhua
website titled "Respect history, look to the future, maintain and
stabilise Sino-US relations unwaveringly". On August 12 Le Yucheng, the
Vice Foreign Minister, gave an interview to Guancha Syndicate and the title of
the interview was "A recurrence of the cold war would be
anachronistic".
In Yang's article, he invokes the speech given by Richard Nixon, the
first US president to pay an ice-breaking visit to China, in the welcoming
banquet in Beijing's Great Hall of the People in February 1972. The article
reveals some little-known examples of past cooperation between China and the
US, such as a trilateral effort to ensure food safety in East Timor,
cooperation on the training of diplomats in Afghanistan and a joint effort to combat
Ebola in Africa.
In Yang's interview, he responded to Mike Pompeo's speech at the Richard
Nixon Presidential Library in California. He refuted point by point the US's
arguments, i.e. "the failure of an engagement policy towards China",
"the disadvantages of interacting with China" and "the
uselessness of Sino-US dialogue" as well as the international view that
"China and the US are in a new cold war". He delineated four
principles for China's policies towards the US, namely stating clearly the
bottom line and preventing confrontation; facilitating the channels of
communication and engaging in frank dialogue; saying no to decoupling and
maintaining cooperation; forgoing a "zero-sum" game and sharing
responsibilities together. He also mentioned the three lists on cooperation,
dialogue and control for China and the US he had proposed on July 9.
Le's interview was even more candid. He said China "will not dance
to the tune of those ignoble people, but it will absolutely not allow them to
mess around. We have never fired the first shot. Our every move has been
reactive". He stated bluntly that "the following months will be
crucial. We have to maintain our composure and ensure that we are not swayed by
any kind of radical force. We have to adhere strictly to the right direction of
the two countries' relationship to ensure that it will not get out of control
or go off the rails". Whether the "radical force" mentioned in
his interview included the "appeasers" who admire or are afraid of
the US and the "warmongers" who counsel war at all costs is
remarkable and provides food for thought. Senior officials of China and the US
are to convene a meeting on video to review how the trade deal of the first
phase has been implemented. This will be another meeting between senior Chinese
and US officials after the Hawaii meeting between Yang Jiechi and Mike Pompeo
in June and will provide another window into China's insistence on dialogue.
外交3高官輪番發聲 中國對美國有軟有硬
中美關係近期的驚濤駭浪,令外界「目不暇給」。近兩周,中國3名外交高官王毅、楊潔篪、樂玉成先後發聲,回應美國國務卿蓬佩奧上月的對華「新冷戰宣言」,闡述中方對美政策,在駁斥美方指控的同時,強調保持兩國對話的重要,拒絕與美國脫鈎、打新冷戰、升級外交戰,總體調子溫和冷靜,被一些輿論解讀為中方放軟立場、「戰狼」收斂。
8月5日,國務委員兼外長王毅接受新華社專訪,就中美關係答問;8月7日,中共中央政治局委員兼中央外事辦公室主任楊潔篪在新華網發表署名文章,題為〈尊重歷史,面向未來,堅定不移維護和穩定中美關係〉;8月12日,外交部副部長樂玉成接受內地觀察者網專訪,專訪的標題是〈復活冷戰是時空錯亂之舉〉。
楊潔篪的文章,引述1972年2月美國首位破冰訪華的總統尼克遜在北京人民大會堂歡迎宴會上致辭時所言。文中還披露了一些中美以往鮮為人知的合作範例,如雙方在東帝汶開展糧食安全三方合作、聯合培訓阿富汗外交官、在非洲聯手抗擊伊波拉疫情等。
王毅的訪談,則點名回應蓬佩奧在加州尼克遜總統圖書館的演講,逐點批駁美方「對華接觸政策失敗」、「對華交往吃虧」、「中美對話無用」,以及國際「中美陷入新冷戰」等觀點,闡述了中國對美的4項方針:明確底線,避免對抗;暢通渠道,坦誠對話;拒絕脫鈎,保持合作;放棄零和,共擔責任。同時,又重提他7月9日提出的,中美需要理出合作、對話、管控的3份清單。
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