<轉載自2020年1月6日 明報 社評>
國務院「突然」宣布,免去62歲、上任僅兩年零三個月的王志民中聯辦主任的職務;任命65歲、毫無處理港澳工作經驗的駱惠寧為新任主任。這傳遞兩個十分清晰的信號,中聯辦主任要為香港持續近7個月的騷亂問責,同時,中聯辦主任必須具備應對香港大格局變革的能力與識見,駱惠寧主任就香港落實「一國兩制」和盡快融入國家發展大局將有什麼作為,備受關注。
自從香港前途問題談判以來的7任中聯辦主任(包括前身新華社香港分社社長),其中6位有一個共通之處,就是熟悉香港事務。周南與姜恩柱都是外交系統出身,周南經歷香港和澳門的回歸談判;高祀仁和彭清華就任主任前,則分別有3年和6年中聯辦副主任的「實習期」;張曉明從大學畢業之後加入國務院港澳辦直接處理香港問題,王志民則三進中聯辦,之前兩次從基層晉升到副主任凡15年之久。
曾經直接處理香港事務或者熟悉香港,對於出任中聯辦主任,當然是十分有利的條件,但熟悉香港,未必等同於懂得香港,也未必一定懂得帶領香港變革。姜恩柱雖然也有處理香港事務的經驗,但他上任時謙虛地表示,香港是一本深奧的書。熟悉香港加上深厚感情,對於處理香港事務,還會加上幾分溫情色彩。過去7任中聯辦主任,都長時間參與處理香港事務,短則10年,長則幾十年,平均任主任的時間是62個月,他們卸任後仍然關注香港,對香港都有感情。
老辦法不適用 新辦法不會用
然而,香港前途問題談判開始至今,差不多40年,每一個時期都在面對不同的問題甚至困境,中央派駐香港的官員,所具備的處理香港問題經驗,未必足以應對新近發生的事情,更加重大的影響因素是,國際與國內的時局改變所帶來的變化。以目前香港所面對的難題,成因與解決辦法都十分複雜,過去的經驗,甚至加上感情,都未必適用。
國際格局正在發生重大變化,中國已經成為全球第二大經濟體,並且以相對的高速繼續增長,惹來美國猜疑會威脅其霸權地位,處處攔截遏制中國的發展,兩國在未來很長時間內將會針鋒相對,矛盾叢生。國家一方面要避其鋒芒,以免跟美國直接對抗,另一方面又另闢蹊徑,鋪設「一帶一路」尋求新的發展機會。
在中美矛盾問題上,美國被質疑以香港作為橋頭堡,企圖藉着香港的特殊地位,搞亂中國內地,即使未能得逞,也要搞亂香港,牽制內地的發展速度。這次香港出現長時間騷亂,美國在背後的角色,已經昭然若揭。香港究竟是被利用作為美國的棋子,還是選擇守土有責的擔當,保護國家安全,這是格局變化給香港帶來新的任務。
從積極的角度考慮,國家正在推行「一帶一路」倡議,香港究竟是置身事外,還是積極參與,利用香港的國際聯繫,響應一帶一路倡議,同時利用這個機會搭上國家發展戰略的便車,為香港尋求新的經濟增長點。這個表面上看是經濟政策,實則是重大的政治戰略。
香港面臨格局變化 需要具備革新思維
在香港落實一國兩制起碼是50年的任務,但每一個時期都有不同的難題。最近的情况是,香港社會不少人對一國兩制的理解,跟北京的理解,朝相反方向的意味愈來愈明顯。台灣在統一問題上,跟北京也有漸行漸遠的迹象。香港政權已經回歸,民心回歸何時實現,是一國兩制政策成敗的關鍵。而台灣問題關乎國家統一,即使不能一時三刻解決,也不能看到螺旋式向下的發展趨勢。一國兩制是國家的大局,目前出現的變化,需要有新的思維來處理。過去處理香港事務的官員的經驗,有多少仍然適用,需要認真檢視。
在中英兩國就香港前途問題開展談判之際,中央派來一個毫無香港事務經驗的許家屯來任新華社香港分社社長,他的任務是處理香港即將來臨的新格局。而今香港再次面臨一個新格局的變化,中央同樣派遣一個毫無香港事務經驗的駱惠寧來香港,他們兩人的共同特點是封疆大吏,都有管理大省份的經歷。
駱惠寧在山西主政期間,有打擊塌方式腐敗的政績,而且不是單單依靠遏止,還有從制度設置上防止貪污蔓延的方法。山西的腐敗問題,根源在於過度依賴挖煤挖礦,官員在審批和監督這些礦山問題上隨意性很大,導致貪污叢生,而駱惠寧推行經濟轉型,關閉礦山同時發展高科技和服務業,既發展了經濟也杜絕了貪污,這些經驗對於帶領香港走出困境,可能有啟示的作用。
在國際與國家發展格局出現重大變化的情况下,香港的出路是融入國家發展大局,最好的抓手是建設粵港澳大灣區,香港在過去兩年多以來,龜步寸進,需要有創見的新思維才能有所突破。雖然發展經濟並非解決香港問題的萬靈丹,但經濟發展確實可以給予整個社會、特別是年輕人一個曙光和出路。相信駱惠寧主任對此也會加以重視。
Extraordinary appointment
THE State Council ''suddenly'' announced that Wang Zhimin, 62 and only
two years and three months into the job, had been removed from office as
Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong
(LOCPG), and that Luo Huining, 65, who has no experience at all in dealing with
Hong Kong or Macao affairs, had been installed as the new director. This has
sent out two very clear signals. The first is that Wang has been held
accountable for the unrest in Hong Kong that has gone on for nearly seven
months. The second is that in Hong Kong the LOCPG director must possess the
capability and knowledge to handle changes in Hong Kong's overall situation.
What will Director Luo do in relation to the implementation of ''one country,
two systems'' in Hong Kong and Hong Kong's prompt integration into the
country's overall development? It is a matter of serious concern.
Seven persons headed the LOCPG or the Hong Kong branch of the New China
News Agency (NCNA) after talks on Hong Kong's future had started. Six of them
have one thing in common: that they were familiar with Hong Kong affairs. Zhou
Nan and Jiang Enzhu both began their careers in the foreign-affairs setups.
Zhou went through the talks on Hong Kong's reversion to China's sovereignty and
Macao's. Gao Siren served as an ''intern'' deputy director for three years
before becoming director, and Peng Qinghua, six years. Right upon graduation
from college, Zhang Xiaoming joined the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of
the State Council. He dealt with Hong Kong matters directly. Wang Zhimin worked
for the LOCPG in three different periods. During the first two, which added up
to 15 years, he worked as a junior and was subsequently elevated to deputy
director.
It is of course very much to an LOCPG director's advantage to have
directly dealt with Hong Kong affairs or know Hong Kong well. Knowing Hong Kong
is not the same as understanding Hong Kong. Nor is it the same as being able to
take a leading role in Hong Kong's change. Although Jiang Enzhu had had
experience in handling Hong Kong matters, he said humbly when he came into
office that Hong Kong was a deep book.
When the Sino-British talks on Hong Kong's future were about to begin,
the central authorities appointed Xu Jiatun, who had no experience at all in
dealing with Hong Kong affairs, as Director of the Hong Kong branch of the
NCNA. His task was to deal with the new situation that was about to arise in
Hong Kong. Now Hong Kong is faced with new changes in the overall situation,
and the central authorities have again sent to the city one who has no Hong
Kong-related work experience at all. The two have one characteristic in common.
Each of them was a ranking official governing a major province.
When he headed the Shanxi government, Luo Huining succeeded in combating
systemic corruption. He not only took action to curb corruption but also tried
to stop corruption from spreading by putting in place institutional setups. The
corruption issue in Shanxi had its source in its excessive reliance on coal
mining. Officials approved and monitored mining projects quite arbitrarily.
That led to clusters of corruption problems. Luo promoted economic
restructuring and had mines closed. At the same time he oversaw the development
of the high-tech and service sectors. As a result, economic growth was fostered
and corruption rooted out. Such experience may prove enlightening in respect of
bringing Hong Kong out of difficulty.
The international and national growth patterns have now significantly
changed. Hong Kong's way out is to integrate itself into the nation's overall
development. Its best way to achieve that is to build up the Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Hong Kong has taken extremely minimal steps over
the past two years or so. It must have creative new thinking before it can make
any breakthrough. Although economic growth is no panacea for Hong Kong's
problems, it will certainly let society, especially young people, see the dawn
and find a way out. Director Luo Huining will conceivably take this seriously.
駱惠寧破格授命 香港臨格局變革
國務院「突然」宣布,免去62歲、上任僅兩年零三個月的王志民中聯辦主任的職務;任命65歲、毫無處理港澳工作經驗的駱惠寧為新任主任。這傳遞兩個十分清晰的信號,中聯辦主任要為香港持續近7個月的騷亂問責,同時,中聯辦主任必須具備應對香港大格局變革的能力與識見,駱惠寧主任就香港落實「一國兩制」和盡快融入國家發展大局將有什麼作為,備受關注。
自從香港前途問題談判以來的7任中聯辦主任(包括前身新華社香港分社社長),其中6位有一個共通之處,就是熟悉香港事務。周南與姜恩柱都是外交系統出身,周南經歷香港和澳門的回歸談判;高祀仁和彭清華就任主任前,則分別有3年和6年中聯辦副主任的「實習期」;張曉明從大學畢業之後加入國務院港澳辦直接處理香港問題,王志民則三進中聯辦,之前兩次從基層晉升到副主任凡15年之久。
曾經直接處理香港事務或者熟悉香港,對於出任中聯辦主任,當然是十分有利的條件,但熟悉香港,未必等同於懂得香港,也未必一定懂得帶領香港變革。姜恩柱雖然也有處理香港事務的經驗,但他上任時謙虛地表示,香港是一本深奧的書。
在中英兩國就香港前途問題開展談判之際,中央派來一個毫無香港事務經驗的許家屯來任新華社香港分社社長,他的任務是處理香港即將來臨的新格局。而今香港再次面臨一個新格局的變化,中央同樣派遣一個毫無香港事務經驗的駱惠寧來香港,他們兩人的共同特點是封疆大吏,都有管理大省份的經歷。
駱惠寧在山西主政期間,有打擊塌方式腐敗的政績,而且不是單單依靠遏止,還有從制度設置上防止貪污蔓延的方法。山西的腐敗問題,根源在於過度依賴挖煤挖礦,官員在審批和監督這些礦山問題上隨意性很大,導致貪污叢生,而駱惠寧推行經濟轉型,關閉礦山同時發展高科技和服務業,既發展了經濟也杜絕了貪污,這些經驗對於帶領香港走出困境,可能有啟示的作用。
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