2016年6月20日 星期一

蔡執政「滿月」立場未變 「冷和」定局兩岸拼經濟

<轉載自2016620 明報 社評>
今天是台灣蔡英文政府執政滿月。520日,蔡英文發表了就職演說,北京方面認為是一份未完成的「答卷」。有分析認為,北京還是希望蔡英文政府有所補充,有所修正,回歸到承認「九二共識」的政治基礎,以便可以維持原來兩岸溝通交往的機制,鞏固過去8年形成的和平發展局面。不過,一個月來事實說明,由於島內和國際上牽制蔡英文的力量較大,台海「冷和」的局面已成定局,未來兩岸重點在比併經濟。北京也可能傾向用經濟力量向台北施壓,以經壓政再度成為大陸對台政策的新選項。
內外牽制力量過大 民進黨凍獨難成事
事實上,民進黨內部也有思變的力量。民進黨台南市黨代表蔡孟勳等提案建議,以蔡英文維持現狀論述作為民進黨新黨綱,取代1991年台獨黨綱第1條建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國,還有1999年台灣前途決議文以及2007年正常國家決議文,由此強化民進黨維護和平的穩健形象。提案稱,今年大選,蔡英文以56%選票當選總統,維持現狀論述顯然是民進黨勝選的關鍵因素。而民進黨於1991年通過黨綱,建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國,已不再符合台灣當前民主現狀和兩岸交流現狀;1999年台灣前途決議文和2007年正常國家決議文,部分主張過於激進,已脫離內外現實。而蔡英文主張維持現狀,承諾在中華民國憲政體制推動兩岸關係,獲得多數民眾和國際主流認同,這3項文件民進黨實無再予標舉的必要。
民進黨將於717日舉行全代會,會上將討論這一提案。民進黨今次由下而上,從基層連署提案「凍獨」,來勢甚急甚猛,應該說反映了民進黨基層對於蔡政府執政一個月來兩岸關係急劇轉冷感到焦慮,因而再次提出「凍獨」,以釋除北京的疑慮。但是,估計很難成事。20147月的民進黨全代會也曾提出 「凍獨」案 ,但蔡英文以時間不夠為由退案,全過程只花了5分鐘,顯然蔡英文不願惹火燒身。這次,相信提案也會遭遇深綠派極大阻力。民進黨前台南縣長蘇煥智認為,民進黨現在廢「台獨黨綱」的可能性不大,內部沒有共識,蔡英文應該不敢去動這件事,如果去動會倒楣。民進黨桃園市長鄭文燦認為既存的「台灣前途決議文」就是要「維持現狀」。
客觀而言,目前台灣島內主流民意轉向「容獨反中」,這次大選蔡英文得票率達56%;綠營得票以50.1%過半,在立法院佔73席,不僅穩佔多數,且距離修憲門檻也只差3席。再就是最新民調顯示,島內自認是中國人的比例已從20年前的31%降至11%,為歷年調查結果的新低。另一方面,藍營制衡台獨勢力的能力也受到嚴重削弱。因此,以「凍獨」緩和大陸壓力,求得蔡英文政權更好的生存環境,其主張不可以說不聰明,但是難以衝破民進黨內台獨基本教義派的阻力。
再就是,美國「重返亞太」的步伐加快,要求蔡政府配合美日制衡大陸的聲音同步加大。美國在台協會處長梅建華近日接受訪問,就兩岸關係、南海議題及蔡英文新政府的「新南向政策」提出他的看法,相當直白地要求民進黨政府在美國「亞太再平衡」戰略中扮演積極角色。
大陸應對選擇有限 或用拔旗截利兩招
相較之下,民進黨內的「凍獨」明智派顯得勢單力薄。重要的是,不承認「九二共識」可能出現的「冷和」局面,蔡英文及其智囊在「520」前就進行過沙盤推演,並且制定了「新南向」等政策應對 ,蔡英文也不可能未戰先認輸。蔡政府相信,只要島內民意覺得他們做得比馬政府好,他們就贏了。
那麼,球又回到大陸一方。拒認「九二共識」之後的「地動山搖」,目前還沒有出現,但是在此政治基礎上建立的兩岸制度化交流機制已經停止運作。下一步,北京對蔡政府可能使出什麼「辣招」呢?首先可以肯定的是,北京不會對台動武,一般相信,最「辣」的可能是「拔旗截利」。「拔旗」,就是拔台灣的邦交國;「截利」,就是縮小台灣從兩岸貿易得到的順差。蔡英文本周五(24日)將啟程出訪巴拿馬和巴拉圭,有傳說「雙巴」就是大陸首輪「拔旗」的目標,最終要令台灣的邦交國歸零。應該說,北京對此有主動權,只是會顧忌操之過急,引發台灣民眾反彈。不過,真正點到台灣痛處的恐怕還是從大陸得到的巨額貿易順差,如果大陸強調「合理對等」的貿易原則,那麼蔡英文再「新南向」恐也難以彌補。
不管怎麼說,經濟競賽好過動槍動炮。現實看,未來台灣並無實現「法理獨立」的資本和條件,大陸則尚未做好徹底解決台灣問題的全面準備 ,「冷和」局面將會持續。

Cross-strait lenghe

TODAY (June 20) it is a full month since the Tsai Ing-wen administration began to run Taiwan. Some analysts believe Beijing still hopes the Tsai administration will return to the political basis of recognising the "1992 consensus" so that it will be possible to keep the mechanism whereby the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have communicated and have had dealings with each other and consolidate the situation of peaceful development that has taken shape over the past eight years. However, it is clear from what has happened over the past month that, forces at home and abroad restraining Tsai Ing-wen being rather strong, lenghe (cold peace) will inevitably persist.
Some influential Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) members do long for change. Tainan DPP delegate Tsai Meng-hsun et al have proposed that Tsai Ing-wen's idea of preserving the status quo be adopted as the DPP's platform in place of article one of its taidu (Taiwan's independence) charter (that a sovereign, independent Republic of Taiwan be founded).
The proposal is to be discussed at the DPP national congress scheduled for July 17. The dongdu (freeze pro-independence attempts) proposal has come from the DPP grassroots with tremendous momentum. This, one should say, shows ordinary DPP members are anxious because cross-strait relations have rapidly cooled since the Tsai administration took office a month ago. They have therefore proposed dongdu with a view to freeing Beijing of misgivings. Nevertheless, they seem unlikely to succeed.
In fact, the mainstream in Taiwan tends to "tolerate taidu and be anti-China". The latest survey shows the percentage of people living on the island and regarding themselves as Chinese (which was 31% twenty years ago) is now 11%, the lowest ever. Furthermore, the blue camp's ability to keep taidu advocates in check has greatly weakened. None can deny it is a clever idea to use dongdu to ease pressure the mainland may exert so that the Tsai administration will continue to exist in better circumstances. However, it is hard to overcome resistance put up by DPP members who are taidu fundamentalists.
The DPP dongdu wise sect hardly seems influential. An important factor is that, before May 20 came, Tsai Ing-wen and her brain trusters had done a "sand-table exercise" about the lenghe situation that might ensue from her rejection of the "1992 consensus" and accordingly formulated a number of measures including the "new southward policy". She must not throw in the towel when she has yet to leap into the ring. The Tsai administration believes it will win as long as people living on the island think it outperforms the Ma administration.
This being the case, the ball is in the mainland's court. "Earth-shaking" things supposed to follow Tsai's rejection of the "1992 consensus" have not appeared yet, though the mechanism built on this political basis for institutionalised cross-strait exchanges has ceased to operate. What tough measures may Beijing then take against the Tsai administration? First of all, one can be certain that Beijing will not use force against Taiwan. It is generally believed that the toughest things Beijing may do are baqi (pull up flags) and jieli (curtail profits). Baqi means to deprive Taiwan of its diplomatic ties with other countries; jieli means to diminish the favourable balance of trade it has with the mainland. Tsai Ing-wen is to set out next Friday (June 25) on her visit to Panama and Paraguay. It has been rumoured that the mainland's initial baqi efforts will be aimed at the two countries and its ultimate aim is to cause the number of countries having diplomatic ties with Taiwan to become zero. One should say Beijing can do so of its own initiative but fears its rash moves may disgust Taiwan people. However, it is probably what affects the huge favourable balance of trade Taiwan has with the mainland that touches it on the raw. If the mainland emphasises the principle of trading "on a reasonable equal footing", Tsai Ing-wen cannot possibly remedy the situation, however "new southward" she may be.
Anyhow, competing economically with each other is better than aiming guns at each other. In reality, as Taiwan is incapable of achieving de jure independence and is in no condition to do so and the mainland is not fully prepared thoroughly to resolve the Taiwan question, lenghe will persist.
蔡執政「滿月」立場未變 「冷和」定局兩岸拼經濟
今天(20日)是台灣蔡英文政府執政滿月。有分析認為,北京還是希望蔡英文政府回歸到承認「九二共識」的政治基礎,以便可以維持原來兩岸溝通交往的機制,鞏固過去8年形成的和平發展局面。不過,一個月來事實說明,由於島內和國際上牽制蔡英文的力量較大,台海「冷和」的局面已成定局。
事實上,民進黨內部也有思變的力量。民進黨台南市黨代表蔡孟勳等提案建議,以蔡英文維持現狀論述作為民進黨新黨綱,取代1991年台獨黨綱第1條建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國。
民進黨將於717日舉行全代會,會上將討論這一提案。民進黨今次由下而上,從基層連署提案「凍獨」,來勢甚急甚猛,應該說反映了民進黨基層對於蔡政府執政一個月來兩岸關係急劇轉冷感到焦慮,因而再次提出「凍獨」,以釋除北京的疑慮。但是,估計很難成事。
客觀而言,目前台灣島內主流民意轉向「容獨反中」。最新民調顯示,島內自認是中國人的比例已從20年前的31%降至11%,為歷年調查結果的新低。另一方面,藍營制衡台獨勢力的能力也受到嚴重削弱。因此,以「凍獨」緩和大陸壓力,求得蔡英文政權更好的生存環境,其主張不可以說不聰明,但是難以衝破民進黨內台獨基本教義派的阻力。
民進黨內的「凍獨」明智派顯得勢單力薄。重要的是,不承認「九二共識」可能出現的「冷和」局面,蔡英文及其智囊在「520」前就進行過沙盤推演,並且制定了「新南向」等政策應對 ,蔡英文也不可能未戰先認輸。蔡政府相信,只要島內民意覺得他們做得比馬政府好,他們就贏了。
那麼,球又回到大陸一方。拒認「九二共識」之後的「地動山搖」,目前還沒有出現,但是在此政治基礎上建立的兩岸制度化交流機制已經停止運作。下一步,北京對蔡政府可能使出什麼「辣招」呢?首先可以肯定的是,北京不會對台動武,一般相信,最「辣」的可能是「拔旗截利」。「拔旗」,就是拔台灣的邦交國;「截利」,就是縮小台灣從兩岸貿易得到的順差。蔡英文本周五(24日)將啟程出訪巴拿馬和巴拉圭,有傳說「雙巴」就是大陸首輪「拔旗」的目標,最終要令台灣的邦交國歸零。應該說,北京對此有主動權,只是會顧忌操之過急,引發台灣民眾反彈。不過,真正點到台灣痛處的恐怕還是從大陸得到的巨額貿易順差,如果大陸強調「合理對等」的貿易原則,那麼蔡英文再「新南向」恐也難以彌補。

不管怎麼說,經濟競賽好過動槍動炮。現實看,未來台灣並無實現「法理獨立」的資本和條件,大陸則尚未做好徹底解決台灣問題的全面準備 ,「冷和」局面將會持續。

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