2015年2月27日 星期五

樓市或現理順苗頭 政府須堅持增供應

<轉載自2015227 明報 社評>
政府公布下年度(2015/16年度)賣地計劃,於住宅用地,可以提供約1.6萬個單位,連同鐵路物業項目、市建局項目及私營重建或發展項目的土地供應,下年度最多可興建2.8萬個單位,是多年來新高。歷經多年供應斷層,隨着政府積極推售土地,供應缺口逐漸呈現回補之勢;不過,總體而言土地開發仍然存在不確定變數,供應是否持續穩定,仍待觀察,但是在已知供應和潛在供應較數年前明顯增多情况下,市民的置業預期會否因而改變,不再急於買樓,而是謀定而動,從而使樓市回復正常、樓價平穩,值得關注。
供應增加成趨勢 改劃用途存變數
2010年政府恢復主動賣地以來,歷年售出土地而興建的住宅單位,將相繼推出市場,未來34年一手樓供應量約為7.4萬個單位,是運房局2004年有紀錄以來新高。梁振英被冠以「房屋特首」稱號,視土地和房屋政策為重中之重,點算本年度私宅土地供應,稍見成效,連同政府賣地、鐵路物業發展、市區重建項目,以及私人重建和發展項目,有關土地可供興建2.03萬個單位,這是2010年以來的新高。
下年度政府推售29幅住宅用地,可興建1.6萬個單位,連同鐵路物業發展、市區重建項目以及私人重建和發展項目,有關土地可供興建2.8萬個單位,較本年度更多。當然,各個項目能否按規劃完成相關程序,鎖定2.8萬個單位供應量,還有變數和受其他因素影響;不過,只要政府堅持每年供應2萬個私宅土地供應的目標,年年如是,房屋供應持續穩定增加,就會成為不可逆轉的趨勢。
下年度政府賣地計劃存在變數,主要是計劃推售的29幅住宅土地,其中15幅仍未完成改劃用途,包括本已規劃作政府/社區等用途(即是GIC)和綠化帶的土地,涉及約7900個住宅單位。GIC土地本已規劃興建設施,不過政府向城規會申請改變用途,即使是改為興建公共房屋,在地區仍然遇到很大阻力;由於各區GIC用地已經不多,政府現在向綠化地帶打主意,這類土地涉及生態保育,會挑動環保團體和人士的神經,能否順利改劃,就看政府與持份者是否有足夠溝通,工夫做得是否細緻,地區人士和相關持份者會否從總體利益出發,給改變土地用途開綠燈。
政府計劃改變用途的土地約有150幅,其中約70幅位於綠化地帶,政府的10年建屋大計能否達標,與改劃用途息息相關。就70幅綠化地帶土地而言,雖然僅佔全港綠化地帶1%,若改劃完成,已可供興建8萬多個住宅單位,其中七成多是公營房屋,可見只要稍為釋放少許綠化地帶,對紓緩建屋土地短缺,已經很有助益。因此,改劃用途成敗,不僅是未來土地房屋供應的變數,也是梁振英政府能否理順樓市的關鍵。
無論如何,梁振英政府現在應對房屋供應,與前任曾蔭權政府有根本不同。現在政府全力尋求開拓土地,增加供應,解決房屋供求失衡;政府顧及中產人士的居住困境,恢復興建居屋,讓中產人士較容易置業安居。另外,居屋二手市場和籌劃中的「綠表居屋」,下年度預算案提出的居屋補價貸款等,都是進一步盤活居屋市場,增加供應的一些手段。因此,現在房屋供應相對增加,是總的趨勢。
過去七八年,樓價如脫韁野馬而形成的樓市泡沫,主要是供應嚴重不足,在市民之間形成「今日不買,明日更貴」的預期,加上炒風熱熾,市民「被迫」爭相搶購,樓價因而飈升,現在私宅供應將持續增加,總體雖云仍然偏緊,但是已經擺脫數年前緊絀失衡狀態,新情况若能改變市民對樓市的憧憬和預期,或許會改變過去幾年樓市的整體格局。
另外,反映市民置業購買力的按揭供款對住戶入息中位數,去年第4季已經達58%,遠高於19942013年間的47%長期平均數,只要利率上調3個百分點至較正常水平,比率就會飈升至76%,而美國聯儲局今年內極可能加息,本港肯定跟隨;在供應增加、利率趨升下,市民是否應該急着現在置業,應該參考這個新情况。
勿被市况周期牽動 堅持供應主導樓市
梁振英政府的土地房屋政策,能否理順失衡的市况,仍有不少困難要克服,要注意的是供應增加和利率必然上調,樓市在不久將來或會出現新情况、新格局,屆時政府應對樓市的一些行政措施(例如俗稱的辣招)或許要適時調節。不過,持續增加供應,使樓市平穩發展,避免樓價暴起暴跌,應該是政府堅持的原則。現行增加供應的政策,不應該因為一時一地的市况而改動,只要政府把持得住,做到「任憑風浪起,我自巍然不動」,有了這株主心骨,樓市才有望長期平穩健康發展。

Government must persist in increasing flat supply
THE GOVERNMENT has announced its land sale programme for the next fiscal year (2015/16). On the listed sites about 16,000 flats can be produced. Because of this and the railway property development projects, the Urban Renewal Authority (URA) projects and private redevelopment and development projects, private housing production in the next fiscal year may reach 28,000 units, a new high since several years ago.
The government resumed selling land on its own initiative in 2010. Flats put on the sites that have been sold since then will soon be on the market. In the next three or four years, the supply of first-hand flats will be about 74,000 units, a new high since 2004, when Transport and Housing Bureau figures were first available. Called the "Housing Chief Executive", Leung Chun-ying puts the uppermost priority on the government's land and housing policy. It seems clear from the supply of private land this year its policy has begun to produce results, as the land sold by the government, the railway property development projects, the URA projects and the private redevelopment and development projects are set to provide 20,300 units, a new high since 2010.
In the next fiscal year, the government is to put up for sale 29 residential sites, on which 16,000 flats can be produced. Those sites, together with the railway property development projects, the URA projects and the private redevelopment and development projects, will provide 28,000 flats, even more than the supply of this year. No doubt it depends on some variables and other factors whether all of those projects will be completed as planned in accordance with applicable procedures. However, as long as the government persists year after year in supplying land for producing 20,000 flats a year, there will be an irreversible tendency for housing supply to increase.
The flat supply policy of the Leung administration is fundamentally different from that of the Tsang administration, its predecessor. It is doing its best to find sites, increase supply and redress the supply-demand imbalance in the housing market. Sensitive to middle-class citizens' housing predicament, it has resumed the production of Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) flats, making it easier for them to have their own homes. Furthermore, measures such as the HOS Secondary Market, the Green Form HOS Scheme on the drawing board and the Premium Loan Guarantee Scheme announced in the budget of the next fiscal year are all intended to further stimulate the HOS market and increase flat supply. In other words, there is now a general tendency for housing supply to increase relatively.
Over the past seven or eight years, property prices have run wild, and a property bubble has formed. This is because housing has been in extremely short supply. As speculation is rife, citizens cannot but vie with one another to buy flats. Property prices have therefore soared. Is the Leung administration's land and housing policy such that the imbalance in the housing market can be redressed? There are still many difficulties to overcome. What deserves attention is that, as housing supply will increase and interest rates will certainly go up, the property market may soon take on a new aspect, and the government may then have to modify opportunely some administrative measures ("tough measures") now in force in relation to the property market. However, the government should keep increasing supply to make sure that the property market will develop steadily and to prevent property prices from roller-coastering. That is a principle it should adhere to.
樓市或現理順苗頭 政府須堅持增供應
政府公布下年度(2015/16年度)賣地計劃,於住宅用地,可以提供約1.6萬個單位,連同鐵路物業項目、市建局項目及私營重建或發展項目的土地供應,下年度最多可興建2.8萬個單位,是多年來新高。
2010年政府恢復主動賣地以來,歷年售出土地而興建的住宅單位,將相繼推出市場,未來34年一手樓供應量約為7.4萬個單位,是運房局2004年有紀錄以來新高。梁振英被冠以「房屋特首」稱號,視土地和房屋政策為重中之重,點算本年度私宅土地供應,稍見成效,連同政府賣地、鐵路物業發展、市區重建項目,以及私人重建和發展項目,有關土地可供興建2.03萬個單位,這是2010年以來的新高。
下年度政府推售29幅住宅用地,可興建1.6萬個單位,連同鐵路物業發展、市區重建項目以及私人重建和發展項目,有關土地可供興建2.8萬個單位,較本年度更多。當然,各個項目能否按規劃完成相關程序,還有變數和受其他因素影響;不過,只要政府堅持每年供應2萬個私宅土地供應的目標,年年如是,房屋供應持續穩定增加,就會成為不可逆轉的趨勢。
梁振英政府現在應對房屋供應,與前任曾蔭權政府有根本不同。現在政府全力尋求開拓土地,增加供應,解決房屋供求失衡;政府顧及中產人士的居住困境,恢復興建居屋,讓中產人士較容易置業安居。另外,居屋二手市場和籌劃中的「綠表居屋」,下年度預算案提出的居屋補價貸款等,都是進一步盤活居屋市場,增加供應的一些手段。因此,現在房屋供應相對增加,是總的趨勢。

過去七八年,樓價如脫韁野馬而形成的樓市泡沫,主要是供應嚴重不足,加上炒風熱熾,市民「被迫」爭相搶購,樓價因而飈升。梁振英政府的土地房屋政策,能否理順失衡的市况,仍有不少困難要克服,要注意的是供應增加和利率必然上調,樓市在不久將來或會出現新情况、新格局,屆時政府應對樓市的一些行政措施(例如俗稱的辣招)或許要適時調節。不過,持續增加供應,使樓市平穩發展,避免樓價暴起暴跌,應該是政府堅持的原則。

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