<轉載自2012年10月4日 明報 社評>
政府推出「長者生活津貼」政策,建議向符合資格的70歲以上長者,每月派發2200元,但是泛民陣營及建制派的工聯會反對政府提出的資產申報規定,聲言政府若不撤銷有關規定,便反對撥款云云。事態顯示民粹當道,部分政客慷納稅人之慨,不問貧富照派福利;我們期望立法會內有足夠議員保持理性,遏止民粹歪風。政府必須善用公帑,堅持有限的公共資源只應「幫助有需要者」的原則立場,堅持資產申報,否則會為香港埋下禍根,後患無窮。
政客民粹派錢 納稅人埋單
梁振英競選特首時,競選政綱提出「特惠生果金」,他當選後兌現承諾,稱之為長者生活津貼,65歲或以上長者只要通過資產申報,即單身長者每月收入不超過6600元,資產總值不超過18.6萬元,每月可領到2200元生活津貼,子女親友給長者的生活費用不會計算,長者自住的物業亦不算為資產。可以說,申報準則寬鬆,合情合理,政府估計若通過實施,約有40萬名長者受惠,涉及每年額外公帑開支60億元。
現時本港70歲以上長者有68萬人,隨人口老化,按統計處的《香港人口推算》,至2020年增至92.2萬人,佔全港人口12%;2030年增至151.1萬人,佔人口18%。政府預期六成至八成領取生果金的70歲以上長者,合資格申領長者生活津貼,現時每年涉及約82億元,若撤銷資產申報要多花約35億元,至2020年約多48億元,2030年約多78億元。另有學者計算,到2039年,70歲以上長者約196.5萬人,若長者生活津貼不設限,每年額外開支將達262億元(未計通脹),假設屆時有300萬人工作交稅,每名納稅人為此要繳付8700元。
由此可見,長者生活津貼對政府財政負擔構成壓力,錢從何來?雖云由納稅人埋單,但隨著人口老化,據推算每千人供養長者幼兒的撫養比率,由2009年的337人,增至2039年的625人,加上長者生活津貼這個擔子,現在的年輕人屆時財務負擔之重,無法想像;以香港簡單、低稅率的稅制,除非大刀闊斧改動,否則,看不到可以應付這樣的龐大開支,不過,以本港的政治結構,改動稅制、加稅?難矣。也就是說,不設資產申報的長者生活津貼,可持續性成疑,亦損害香港長遠利益。
有說法認為,對70歲以上長者作資產審查,有違生果金敬老原旨。這個說法有誤導之嫌。按政府建議,65歲以上長者申領長者生活津貼,若不符合資格,他們原本領取的「生果金」不受影響,可以繼續領取,即是說,生果金仍然是生果金,並無改變;他們符合資格者每月領取的2200元,是長者生活津貼,並非生果金。生果金原旨確實為敬老,長者生活津貼基本上是扶貧政策,兩者有所不同。
香港大學社會工作及社會行政學系講座教授周永新認為實施長者生活津貼後,福利架構就增加為3層:最基層領綜援,環境不好但不合資格領綜援者可領取2200元生活津貼,稍有積蓄者可續領1090元生果金。這個描述,顯示了長者生活津貼的定位,就是扶貧措施,有資產申報配套,政府可控制合資格人數及相關開支,也可以使生活津貼日後跟隨通脹等因素,有提高的空間,改善有需要人士的生活。
曾蔭權民粹死路一條 梁振英政府勿蹈覆轍
目前泛民黨派聲言不惜否決撥款申請,也要政府撤銷資產申報,這是民粹作祟,為了討好部分市民,罔顧資源有限,絕非理性負責任的做法。在黨派、政客的壓力下,以梁振英政府的民望和處境,能否理性地堅持原則,值得關注。梁振英政府開局3個月以來,諸事不順,最新民調結果,梁振英的評分仍然不合格,在低位46分徘徊;梁振英7月中首次出席立法會答問時,在備受各方質疑的炮火連天聲中,他宣布了包括長者生活津貼、倍加醫療券金額、白表人士可以購買未補價居屋和資助興建青年宿舍等民生政策,明顯地收買人心,但是,政府處境未見改善,所以,政府大有向民粹傾斜,以籠絡民心的誘因。
前任曾蔭權政府為挽民望或化解危機,治下7年派錢、派糖耗資超過2000億元,事態證明政府若民粹,比政黨、政客更具破壞力,因為政府有龐大資源可搓圓壓扁。曾蔭權政府曾耗用公帑大搞民粹,最終卻一事無成,是浪費寶貴資源的最佳寫照,梁振英政府會否走這條死路,要密切關注。
歐洲債務危機,是債務國大搞福利主義、揮霍無度,導致債台高築、車毀人亡的結果,本港的政黨和政客應該引以為戒,要負責任地行使權力,不要為一時眼前利益,把香港推向萬劫不復的境地。至於政府,現在更是顯示正確領導的時候,在長者生活津貼政策,切勿向民粹屈服,要堅持申報資產,即使撥款被否決,政府也不應該讓步。政府要為香港整體及長遠利益盡責任,而非以香港利益為政府的民望服務。
Editorial
Means Test Is a Must
THE GOVERNMENT has put forward a plan for an enhanced Old Age Allowance of $2,200 for qualified seniors aged 70 or above. However, the pro-democracy camp and the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions of the establishmentarian camp are both opposed to the means test contemplated in the plan.
When running for Chief Executive, Leung Chun-ying proposed in his election manifesto a special "fruit money" for seniors. He is now keeping his election promise. According to this enhanced Old Age Allowance plan, as Leung calls it, a senior citizen aged 65 or above will be entitled to $2,200 a month, subject to a means test, which will include an income cap of HK$6,600 a month and an asset limit of HK$186,000 for one person. This means test is not only reasonable but also liberal since living allowances received from one's children, relatives, and friends will not be taken into account, and a self-occupied property will not be counted as one's assets. According to official estimates, if the plan is approved by the Legislative Council, it will entail an additional expenditure of $6 billion a year, and about 400,000 seniors will benefit.
There are at present 680,000 people aged 70 or above. According to the Census and Statistics Department's Hong Kong Population Projections, as the population continues to age, the number will increase to 922,000 in 2020 (12 percent of the population), and 1.511 million in 2030 (18 percent of the population). The government's estimates are that, of those aged 70 or above who are receiving "fruit money", 60 to 80 percent will be entitled to the enhanced Old Age Allowance. At present, this means an annual expenditure of about $8.2 billion. If however there is no means test, an additional $3.5 billion will be needed, which will increase to around $4.8 billion in 2020, and around $7.8 billion in 2030. And scholars have come up with the estimate that, by 2039, there will be around 1.965 million people aged 70 or above. If there is no means test for the enhanced Old Age Allowance, an additional expenditure of $26.2 billion will be needed (inflation not factored in). Assuming that the number of taxpayers by then is three million, each of them will have to pay an extra $8,700.
It can be seen from this that an enhanced Old Age Allowance plan with no means test will impose a crushing financial burden on the government. With its low and simple taxation regime, Hong Kong simply cannot afford that extra expenditure.
There are those who argue that subjecting those aged 70 or above to a means test runs contrary to the principle of "respect for the elderly", which underlies the "fruit money" scheme. Such an argument is misleading. According to the government's plan, if those aged 65 or above do not qualify for an enhanced Old Age Allowance, they can still receive their "fruit money". In other words, the "fruit money" scheme will remain unchanged. As for those who qualify, they will receive $2,200 a month, which is not "fruit money". The new plan is designed to help those in need.
Legislators of the pro-democracy camp are threatening to vote down the government's application for the new plan's funding approval unless the proposed means test is withdrawn. It is unreasonable and irresponsible of them to do this in order to win favour with some voters in wanton disregard of the limited resources available.
As for the government, it must insist on the imposition of a means test for the enhanced Old Age Allowance, and must not concede to the opposition's demand even if the funding approval is voted down. After all, the government should take care of the long-term interests of Hong Kong as a whole rather than sacrifice Hong Kong's interests to win public favour for itself.
明報社評 2012.10.04﹕長者生活津貼政策 必須堅持申報資產
政府推出「長者生活津貼」政策,建議向符合資格的70歲以上長者,每月派發2200元,但是泛民陣營及建制派的工聯會反對政府提出的資產申報規定。
梁振英競選特首時,競選政綱提出「特惠生果金」,他當選後兌現承諾,稱之為長者生活津貼,65歲或以上長者只要通過資產申報,即單身長者每月收入不超過6600元,資產總值不超過18.6萬元,每月可領到2200元生活津貼,子女親友給長者的生活費用不會計算,長者自住的物業亦不算為資產。可以說,申報準則寬鬆,合情合理,政府估計若通過實施,約有40萬名長者受惠,涉及每年額外公帑開支60億元。
現時本港70歲以上長者有68萬人,隨人口老化,按統計處的《香港人口推算》,至2020年增至92.2萬人,佔全港人口12%;2030年增至151.1萬人,佔人口18%。政府預期六成至八成領取生果金的70歲以上長者,合資格申領長者生活津貼,現時每年涉及約82億元,若撤銷資產申報要多花約35億元,至2020年約多48億元,2030年約多78億元。另有學者計算,到2039年,70歲以上長者約196.5萬人,若長者生活津貼不設限,每年額外開支將達262億元(未計通脹),假設屆時有300萬人工作交稅,每名納稅人為此要繳付8700元。
有說法認為,對70歲以上長者作資產審查,有違生果金敬老原旨。這個說法有誤導之嫌。按政府建議,65歲以上長者申領長者生活津貼,若不符合資格,他們原本領取的「生果金」不受影響,可以繼續領取,即是說,生果金並無改變;符合資格者每月領取的2200元,是長者生活津貼,並非生果金。長者生活津貼是扶貧措施。
目前泛民黨派聲言不惜否決撥款申請,也要政府撤銷資產申報,為了討好部分市民,罔顧資源有限,絕非理性負責任的做法。
至於政府,在長者生活津貼政策,要堅持申報資產,即使撥款被否決,政府也不應該讓步。政府要為香港整體及長遠利益盡責任,而非以香港利益為政府的民望服務。
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