2012年8月17日 星期五

釣島爭議 中日同樣承受民族主義壓力

<轉載自2012817 明報 社評>  
 
「啟豐二號」保釣船成功登陸釣魚島,在大陸和日本民間都激化了許多人的民族主義情緒,事態顯示,釣魚島主權爭議,除非籌謀以戰爭手段解決,否則中日政府處理此事時,不應該忽略對方人民的可能反應。另外,大陸民間矛頭直指中國政府保衛領土不力,質疑解放軍到哪裏去了,說明中國對日本在釣島的作為,處處忍讓,已經不為人民接受。事態釋出一個信息:中國政府對於釣島,不能再太軟弱地忍讓下去,必須有理有節地與日本周旋,打破日本實際控制釣魚島的局面。

日若審訊保釣人士 事態勢必火上加油
 
日本政府將怎樣處理「啟豐二號」14名保釣人士,視乎中日兩國外交角力的結果。由於日本首相野田佳彥表示要「依法嚴肅處理」,因此,有日本傳媒解讀為會按國內法,提出檢控和審訊。日本若審訊和懲罰保釣人士,是火上加油,會被視為衝擊中國政府的底線,倘如此,事態發展就很難預料了。
 
不過,日本共同社報道,日本政府會按200437名大陸保釣人士登釣島「被捕」的方式處理,就是把14名香港保釣人士移交入國管理局,然後遞解出境。若日本政府沿用這個先例,以目前的繃緊情勢,是較明智選擇。因為遞解出境,雙方可以各說各話,模糊了敏感的執法權力,這次保釣行動作為單一事件,也可以告一段落。野田政府怎樣抉擇,今日或有答案。
 
「啟豐二號」成功登陸釣魚島,在日本和中國大陸民衆之間所引發迴響,對兩國政府宛如是一課機會教育。先說日本方面,保釣船突破海上保安廳艦艇重重攔截,對此,日本輿論大多批評政府「護島」不力,極右派的東京都知事石原慎太郎趁機要求「野田即時登島」,有人認為自衛隊應該在島上長駐,對於「被捕」的14人,有人提出要把他們「槍決」等,這些偏激取態,雖然不會得到日本民衆廣泛認同,但是野田政府遭受壓力之大,可見一斑。
 
近年來,日本政府就釣島問題,與極右政客唱雙簧,對中國步步進逼,發展到近期的「買島」,甚至要為佔奪釣島擬定作戰計劃等舉措,客觀上,除了取悅極右團體和政客,也激發了日本的民族主義,認為「佔領尖閣列島」在望。但是「啟豐二號」衝抵釣魚島的淺灘,日本這股民氣宛如刺穿了的皮球,有人趁機提出更極端要求,但是更多民氣反噬野田政府,所以,總的而言,野田政府在這次事件並未得分,對最新支持率跌至不足兩成的野田內閣,情况是雪上加霜。
 
這次保釣事件,在中國方面,除了驚醒中國政府,更再次燃點了中國人民對日本的敵愾同仇。這幾天,內地網上世界,網民對日本的批評,可以鋪天蓋地來形容,這股民氣,大陸官方也不敢忽視,昨日新華社報道北京、上海、山東、廣州等地民衆抗議日本抓扣中國保釣人士;另外,網上有人發起周日全國遊行,一場反日運動正在蓄勢待發。大陸民衆這股民氣,野田政府有份催谷出來,因為日本朝野操作釣島問題,觸動了大陸民衆的舊恨新仇。可見,在釣島問題上,日本政府若只看到自己的民族主義,罔顧中國也有民族主義,就要有事態發展至不可收拾地步的準備。
 
大陸對日養癰為患 民衆感失望和憤怒
 
大陸網民的反應,除了槍口對外,中國政府也備受批評,不少人認為,日本在釣島囂橫跋扈,是中國政府過於軟弱,一味忍讓,以至養癰為患的結果;網民另一矛頭指向解放軍,質疑領土被佔奪,解放軍哪裏去了。記得汶川大地震時,總理溫家寶對解放軍有微詞,因為解放軍對空降災區有所猶豫,當時,溫家寶曾有「你們(指解放軍)都是人民養的,你們看着辦吧!」的氣話。事實上,這次「啟豐二號」出海保釣,事先張揚,日方擺出一副強力對抗姿態,孤身上路的「啟豐二號」安危未卜,但是在它被約10艘日本海上保安廳艦艇圍攻之時,中國公務船蹤影全無,更遑論解放軍艦艇了。
 
諷刺的是,14名保釣人士被「抓扣」之後,據日本共同社報道,「中國最先進的海監船在15日接近午夜時分在釣魚島附近巡邏」,當國民最需要之時,中國的公權力無影無蹤,國民已經被扣起了,中國海監船才在釣魚島海域巡邏,這是來看釣島月色嗎?賊過興兵,不但會遭到國民齒冷,也不會得到對手的尊重。大陸官方應該感受到民衆對政府處理釣島問題的失望和憤怒,若不適當調整,這股民氣對政權的衝擊,不可小覷。
 
中日關係的「雷區」,除了釣島問題,還有日本不反省侵華罪孽,今年是3年以來,首次有內閣官員到靖國神社參拜;日本政客不理會中國人民以至亞洲人民的感受,在傷口撒鹽,有其自身盤算,中國政府對此應該寸步不讓,對日本這種踐踏良知、侮辱公義的所為,要不失時機地嚴辭譴責。
 
總之,在可見的將來,在釣島問題和侵華罪孽困擾下,中國勿再一味忍讓,追求一廂情願的中日友好關係,因為從目前情况看來,日中友好根本不是日本的外交目標。就釣島問題,我們重申:中國政府應該想方設法,打破日本實際控制釣魚島的局面,才是負責任和對得起炎黃子孫的做法。
Editorial

Nationalist Feelings Running High in China and Japan
 
THE successful landing on the Diaoyu Islands by the Kai Fung 2 crew has aroused strong nationalist feelings in the public in both Japan and mainland China.
 
In Japan, after the Kai Fung 2 ploughed its way through the many Japan Coast Guard vessels trying to intercept it, people are generally critical of the government for its ineffective attempt to "defend the islands", and Shintaro Ishihara, Governor of Tokyo and right-wing extremist, is not slow to call on Yoshihiko Noda to "land on the islands without further delay". At the same time, there are those who suggest that the Japan Self Defence Forces should be permanently stationed on the islands, and there are those who declare that the 14 Kai Fung 2 crew members who have been "arrested" should be "executed by a firing squad". While such extremist views may not find wide acceptance with the Japanese public, the pressure Yoshihiko Noda's government is under can be quite easily imagined.

In China, the Kai Fung 2 incident, in addition to serving as a wake-up call to the Chinese government, has strengthened among the Chinese people a sense of unity against a common enemy: Japan. Over the past few days, netizens in mainland China have literally flooded the websites with anti-Japanese comments. And yesterday, according to the Xinhua News Agency, there were public gatherings in Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, and Guangzhou protesting against Japan's "arrest" and detention of the 14 Chinese activists. Netizens are also calling for anti-Japanese demonstrations across the country on Sunday. If the Japanese government is mindful only of the nationalist feelings in Japan and ignores the same feelings in China, it has to be prepared to see the situation getting out of hand.

And netizens in mainland China are not only angry with Japan. The Chinese government has also come under much criticism. Many believe that Japan's aggressive attitude towards the Diaoyus is the result of the Chinese government's weakness. In addition, netizens are criticising the People's Liberation Army, asking where the PLA is when Chinese territory is in foreign hands. It should be noted that the Kai Fung 2 trip was publicly announced well in advance, but when the vessel was surrounded and rammed into by about 10 Japan Coast Guard vessels, not a single official ship from China was in sight, not to mention PLA vessels.

It is ironical that, after the "arrest" and detention of the Kai Fung 2 crew, the Kyodo News Service reported that "the most advanced Chinese maritime surveillance vessel went cruising in the waters off the Diaoyus at about midnight on August 15". This is like "calling out the militia when the bandits are gone": a move which the Chinese find despicable, and is not likely to win the respect of the Japanese.

Other than the Diaoyu issue, Sino-Japanese relations are marred by the Japanese people's failure to reflect on the sins they committed in their invasion of China. This year saw, for the first time in three years, Japanese cabinet members paying their respects to war criminals at the Yasukuni Shrine, in defiance of public feelings in China as well as in other Asian countries. Of course Japanese politicians have their own political calculations, but they are rubbing salt into our wounds. The Chinese government must stand firm against these politicians, and condemn their flagrant violation of justice in the severest of terms.

Judging by the current political situation, Sino-Japanese friendship is in no way one of Japan's diplomatic objectives. With regard to the Diaoyu issue, we would like to
reiterate that the Chinese government should try its best to shatter Japan's very real control over the Diaoyus. This is the only course of action befitting a government responsible to the Chinese people.

明報社評
2012.08.17﹕釣島爭議 中日同樣承受民族主義壓力

「啟豐二號」保釣船成功登陸釣魚島,在大陸和日本民間都激化了許多人的民族主義情緒。

先說日本方面,保釣船突破海上保安廳艦艇重重攔截,對此,日本輿論大多批評政府「護島」不力,極右派的東京都知事石原慎太郎趁機要求「野田即時登島」,有人認為自衛隊應該在島上長駐,對於「被捕」的
14人,有人提出要把他們「槍決」等,這些偏激取態,雖然不會得到日本民衆廣泛認同,但是野田政府遭受壓力之大,可見一斑。

這次保釣事件,在中國方面,除了驚醒中國政府,更再次燃點了中國人民對日本的敵愾同仇。這幾天,內地網民對日本的批評,可以鋪天蓋地來形容,昨日新華社報道北京、上海、山東、廣州等地民衆抗議日本抓扣中國保釣人士;另外,網上有人發起周日全國遊行。日本政府若只看到自己的民族主義,罔顧中國也有民族主義,就要有事態發展至不可收拾地步的準備。

大陸網民的反應,除了槍口對外,中國政府也備受批評,不少人認為,日本在釣島囂橫跋扈,是中國政府過於軟弱的結果;網民另一矛頭指向解放軍,質疑領土被佔奪,解放軍哪裏去了。事實上,這次「啟豐二號」出海保釣,事先張揚,但是在它被約
10艘日本海上保安廳艦艇圍攻之時,中國公務船蹤影全無,更遑論解放軍艦艇了。
諷刺的是,14名保釣人士被「抓扣」之後,據日本共同社報道,「中國最先進的海監船在15日接近午夜時分在釣魚島附近巡邏」,賊過興兵,不但會遭到國民齒冷,也不會得到對手的尊重。

中日關係的「雷區」,除了釣島問題,還有日本不反省侵華罪孽,今年是
3年以來,首次有內閣官員到靖國神社參拜;日本政客不理會中國人民以至亞洲人民的感受,在傷口撒鹽,有其自身盤算,中國政府對此應該寸步不讓,對日本這種侮辱公義的所為,要不失時機地嚴辭譴責。

總之,從目前情况看來,日中友好根本不是日本的外交目標。就釣島問題,我們重申:中國政府應該想方設法,打破日本實際控制釣魚島的局面,才是負責任和對得起炎黃子孫的做法。

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