2014年2月25日 星期二

財政收支問題浮現 須提理財措施應對

<轉載自2014225 明報 社評>

財政司長曾俊華明日發表下年度財政預算案,從近日坊間傳聞看來,當局猛做期望管理,以祈派糖未若過去疏爽情下,減輕政黨與各方批評力度;這是應該做的,但只屬枝節末流。這些年,不少建議認為預算案在公共理財方面,須提出方向性構思,應對深層次矛盾所需資源,從當局的「放風」,看不到有此苗頭。上月特首梁振英提出的第2份《施政報告》,也未讓市民看到香港各方面發展有什麼可以憧憬;未來一年,結合施政報告與已知預算案的傳聞內容看來,香港大概會按現行軌走下去,經濟、社會等各方面難望出現新氣象。

當局猛做期望管理 無助解決實際問題

梁振英第2份施政報告,引發較多議論的是政策再向基層傾斜,投入大量資源扶貧,雖然需增加的經常開支有不同說法,但是梁振英就任未及兩年,福利開支佔經常開支比率高過董建華、曾蔭權時期,中產階層則未獲關顧,因而引來反彈。明日公布的預算案,當局較早時已經表示會「減甜」,即是2007年以來的慷慨「派糖」措施,將不復再,而且綜觀未來整體收支預測,派糖將完全撤銷,云云。不過,即使如此,近日當局披露的信息,刻意讓中產知道預算案有措施惠及他們,相信是為了紓解中產階層的不滿。

預算案如何減甜,中產和基層是否「收貨」,仍待具體公布,不過,不再派糖的時間表,使公共理財回復較健康狀態,曾俊華應有明確宣示。自2007年以來,經濟環境良好時,政府派糖甚至派錢,美其名曰還富於民;經濟景較差,政府也派糖,理由是要紓解民困。政府歷年派糖派錢,單是曾蔭權時期,耗資已經超過2000億元;梁振英政府這兩年除了一次過派糖,福利經常開支也顯著增加。不過,政府歷年不吝派糖派錢,並未紓減深層次矛盾,反而財政收入能否持續應付,成為備受關注的問題。

據知,「長遠財政計劃小組」的研究報告顯示,回歸以來,經常開支累積增加逾90%,整體政府開支則增加126%,但是同期本地生產總值(GDP)只增長了56.7%,這三方面增長形態若持續不變,財政收支早晚都會出問題,特別是本港面對人口老化、勞動力人口減少,財政收支問題更形突顯,小組認為若政府不及早採取理財措施,大概10年後就會出現結構性赤字,即是開支長期高於收入。另外,前任行政會議成員林奮強認為,未來15年,本港因為退休而減少消費力的人數,會使GDP平均每年減少0.9%,企業生意受影響導致政府稅收減少,影響其他公共開支投放,本港進一步失去經濟動力。

從政府的研究或是社會專家計算,本港長遠財政收支需要通盤整體規劃,特別在老年社會、勞動力人口減少的必然趨勢,一定要有針對性政策措施,才可以確保收支持續基本平衡。可以說,本港開始浮現和需要處理的財政收支問題,其迫切性與嚴重性,派糖紓解民困,或是關顧中產階層與之相比,只屬小事;只是,如此重要事項,施政報告未提出規劃應對,近期當局「放風」,也看不到預算案有尋求對策之意。

例如,老年社會對公共醫療需求大幅增加,政府理應逐步加大公共醫療的投入,興建醫院和相關醫護人手配套設置等,迄今政府未有相關規劃;本港現在接近全民就業,因為勞動力不足,一些行業已經受到影響,隨65歲以上人口由2012年的98萬,到2041年增至256萬,約佔本港人口30%,如何維持足夠勞動力,不單日後,現在也需要應對,除了延長退休年齡,難以避免探討輸入外勞,但是政府並無披露有何想法。至於勞動人口減少,稅收會相應受影響,出現財政缺口可能性很大,且,本港稅基狹窄,稅收受經濟周期影響,並不穩定,如何確保收支持續平衡,並非「審慎理財」、「要從動態看待收支情」等說辭,就等於收支結構正常健康一定會出現。

香港整體情又蹉跎一年

另外,施政報告就經濟發展並無亮點,預算案於此難寄予厚望。回歸以來,3任特首都有產業政策,推動經濟發展,但是GDP開支只累積增加了56.7%,相對於新加坡增加約134%,本港遠遠被拋離。經濟發展與人口質量有直接關係,現在本港就勞動人口數量已無政策對應,隨人口老化,更需要研究吸引外來專才,否則即使有產業政策,也沒有人才配合發展;新加坡除了大量引入外勞,還回應行業需求引入專才,本港同樣需要質量兼顧的人口政策,迄今未見政府認真應對。

施政報告和預算案,是本港每年兩份最重要的文件,決定短期和長期發展方向,只是,今年的施政報告在應對人口老化、勞動力和專才人口不足、公共財政存在隱憂等問題,並無提出政策措施;香港再蹉跎一年,恐怕會變成事實,明日公布的預算案,若曾俊華在公共理財提出一些概念或想法,讓市民知道政府知道問題所在,也會想辦法解決,這是最起碼的要求。

Fiscal problems call for government action

FINANCIAL SECRETARY John Tsang Chun-wah is to deliver his 2014/15 budget speech tomorrow (February 26). Moving to defuse criticism from political parties and other quarters, the government has, quite rightly, tried hard to manage public expectations with respect to the handing out of sweeteners, which are to be reduced. However, there are other and far more important things to do. For instance, over the past several years, many have pointed out that, in the area of public financial management, the budget speech should chart a course for the resolution of deep-seated social conflicts by providing the necessary resources.

Leung Chun-ying's second policy address is controversial mainly because of its slant in favour of the underprivileged. The middle class, left out in the cold, is vocally unhappy. It remains to be seen how sweeteners are to be scaled back in the coming budget, and how the middle and lower classes will respond. Still, Tsang has the duty to set out clearly a timetable showing when there will be no more sweeteners. This will help put public finances on a healthier footing.

The government has since 2007 been very liberal in handing out sweeteners, including cash, but this has failed to resolve deep-seated social conflicts. Instead, it has led to concerns about the sustainability of government revenue and expenditure.

As far as we know, a report of the findings of the Working Group on Long-term Fiscal Planning shows that, since Hong Kong's handover, government recurrent expenditure has increased by more than 90 percent, and total expenditure, by 126 percent, while Hong Kong's gross domestic product has increased by only 56.7 percent. If these increases continue at the same rates, a fiscal imbalance is bound to develop sooner or later. The problem will become even more pronounced as the population ages and the workforce declines.

Compared with the handing out of sweeteners, the emerging fiscal imbalance is a far more important and pressing issue. However, important though the issue is, the Chief Executive has failed to deal with it in his policy address this year. And judging by the information leaked to the press so far, the Financial Secretary is not dealing with it either in his budget speech.

Hong Kong's aging population means that the demand for public medical care is increasing rapidly, and the government should work for a systematic expansion of public medical services and facilities. However, no plans for such an expansion are in sight. At the same time, some industries are already suffering from an insufficient workforce, and measures should be taken to meet the present as well as future demands for labour. However, the government has not come up with any remedies in this respect - and a declining working population is certain to hit government revenue. What is more, with its narrow tax base, Hong Kong is vulnerable to revenue fluctuations caused by economic cycles. How is the government to ensure fiscal balance? A sound revenue and expenditure structure cannot be achieved by the government's mere reiteration of the principle of fiscal prudence.

In this year's policy address, no solutions have been proposed for the problems associated with an aging population, the shortage of labour and professionals, and the unhealthy financial structure. Hong Kong is likely to waste yet another year, failing to rise to the challenges it is faced with. In tomorrow's budget speech, Tsang should at least let the public know that the government is aware of these challenges in public financial management, and will try to deal with them.

財政收支問題浮現 須提理財措施應對

財政司長曾俊華明日發表下年度財政預算案,當局猛做期望管理,以祈派糖未若過去疏爽情下,減輕政黨與各方批評力度;這是應該做的,但只屬枝節末流。這些年,不少建議認為預算案在公共理財方面,須提出方向性構思,應對深層次矛盾所需資源。

梁振英第2份施政報告,引發較多議論的是政策再向基層傾斜,中產階層則未獲關顧,因而引來反彈。預算案如何減甜,中產和基層是否「收貨」,仍待具體公布,不過,不再派糖的時間表,使公共理財回復較健康狀態,曾俊華應有明確宣示。

2007年以來,政府歷年不吝派糖派錢,並未紓減深層次矛盾,反而財政收入能否持續應付,成為備受關注的問題。

據知,「長遠財政計劃小組」的研究報告顯示,回歸以來,經常開支累積增加逾90%,整體政府開支則增加126%,但是同期本地生產總值只增長了56.7%,這三方面增長形態若持續不變,財政收支早晚都會出問題,特別是本港面對人口老化、勞動力人口減少,財政收支問題更形突顯。

可以說,本港開始浮現和需要處理的財政收支問題,其迫切性與嚴重性,派糖只屬小事;只是,如此重要事項,施政報告未提出規劃應對,近期當局「放風」,也看不到預算案有尋求對策之意。

例如,老年社會對公共醫療需求大幅增加,政府理應逐步加大公共醫療的投入,迄今政府未有相關規劃;本港現在因為勞動力不足,一些行業已經受到影響,如何維持足夠勞動力,不單日後,現在也需要應對,但是政府並無披露有何想法。至於勞動人口減少,稅收會相應受影響,且,本港稅基狹窄,稅收受經濟周期影響,並不穩定,如何確保收支持續平衡,並非「審慎理財」等說辭,就等於收支結構正常健康一定會出現。

今年的施政報告在應對人口老化、勞動力和專才人口不足、公共財政存在隱憂等問題,並無提出政策措施;香港再蹉跎一年,恐怕會變成事實,明日公布的預算案,若曾俊華在公共理財提出一些概念或想法,讓市民知道政府知道問題所在,也會想辦法解決,這是最起碼的要求。

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