<轉載自2026年6月4日 明報 社評>
今天是六四事件37周年。當年北京大批民眾和學生自發前往天安門廣場,悼念已故中共總書記胡耀邦,同時表達反官倒、反腐敗的訴求,儘管後來事態變得複雜,學生表現也有不成熟之處,但大多數民眾都是出於一片丹心,希望國家進步,事件流血收場叫人悲痛。人事變遷,滄海桑田。過去數十載,無論國家還是世界都出現了翻天覆地變化,國家發展取得可觀成就,更在國際舞台上發揮着舉足輕重角色,然而六四事件所留下的歷史傷痛,仍然需要撫平。
六四悲劇非無可避免 民眾愛國丹心應肯定
國家民族復興之路曲折崎嶇,途上跌跌撞撞不知凡幾,經過一代又一代人的努力,能夠有今時今日的成就,殊不容易。回首來時路,1978年三中全會確立改革開放,無疑是國家發展重要轉捩點。由早期的所有制結構改革,到逐步建立社會主義市場經濟體制,再到近年全面深化改革推進「中國式現代化」,過去40多年來,國家改革開放成績有目共睹,只是過程亦非一帆風順。
改革開放初期,由於缺乏經驗,亦無先例可循,只能摸着石頭過河,社會上各種思潮激盪,民眾一方面看到了希望,另一方面亦對前路感到迷惘。所有制改革既為社會經濟發展注入了強大動力,同時亦衍生官倒貪腐等亂象,一些有官方背景的人投機倒把,利用當時的特殊環境和條件,以囤積居奇、倒買倒賣、操縱物價等手段牟取暴利,啄食民脂民膏,尤其令民眾憤慨。
1989年4月15日,胡耀邦逝世。大批北京市民自發前往天安門廣場,悼念這位思想開明、兩袖清風的原中共總書記,同時表達對官倒貪腐及物價上漲的不滿,其後逐步演變成一場由大學生牽頭的愛國民主運動。雖然往後事態發展在國內小氣候與國際大氣候結合下變得愈益複雜,學生們的表現亦不乏有稚嫩之處,對很多問題未必想得很透徹,但不應該因此否定他們的愛國情懷。由胡耀邦逝世到6月4日,這一個多月間,不乏和平解決事件契機,可惜一一錯過,最終以流血告終,在民族復興之路上,留下了一道深刻的傷疤。
六四事件後,外界對中國發展前路一度抱有懷疑,然而當局以行動證明,改革開放堅定不移。過去30多年,國家發展令世人刮目相看,不僅成為全球第二大經濟體,綜合國力也在不斷提升。人民生活顯著改善,全國不再存在極端貧窮問題,改革開放初期提出的「小康社會」願景已實現多年,現正朝建設現代化發達國家的方向邁進,無論太空探索、新能源發展以至人工智能,國家在不同領域都致力推動高質量發展及科技自立自強。另外,權力當局亦深明「腐敗可以亡黨亡國」的教訓,過去10多年反腐打貪,更屬雷厲風行。外部環境方面,儘管境外一些反華政客至今仍熱中操作意識形態議題,然而更多西方國家領袖選擇放下意識形態分歧,尋求與中國合作。這一趨勢在美國總統特朗普上台後尤其明顯。
世情變化大 歷史應銘記
以往美國自居道德高地,愛談規則為本國際秩序,現在卻是特朗普帶頭破壞國際規則,無論對內對外都大搞「順我者昌,逆我者亡」的一套,反而是中國更強調維護聯合國權威,倡導國際合作、和平解決爭端。著名民調公司蓋洛普早前公布跨國調查,美國全球領導力認可度大跌,反被中國領先,就算美國想繼續做「教師爺」,拿人權問題來指指點點,亦再無說服力。世界百年變局加速演進,國家發展進步神速,民族復興之路走得愈來愈自信,令人欣慰。然而,六四事件這根刺,仍要好好拔除。
回看當年,六四事件並非無可避免的悲劇,當時權力當局內部對於如何看待及處理廣場上的民眾,明顯存在路線和意見分歧。雖然官方近年一再重申,對當年發生的事情「早有定論」,惟回顧歷史,權力當局對事件的定性,由早期「反革命暴亂」到後來的「政治風波」,並非完全一成不變,民眾當年走上街頭,都是出於一片丹心,他們的愛國情懷,應該獲得肯定。
To Heal the Past Is to Strengthen the Future
TODAY marks the 37th anniversary of the June Fourth Incident. Back in 1989, large crowds of Beijing residents and students gathered spontaneously in Tiananmen Square. Most were driven by a heartfelt wish to see the country move forward. The bloodshed that followed remains profoundly tragic. In the decades since, both China and the wider world have been transformed almost beyond recognition. The country has achieved remarkable progress and emerged as a pivotal force on the global stage. Yet the historical wounds left by the June Fourth Incident have still to be healed.
On 15 April 1989, Hu Yaobang died. Large numbers of Beijing citizens flocked voluntarily to Tiananmen Square to mourn a former party chief known for his openness and probity. Grief soon mingled with grievance: anger at official profiteering, at corruption, at rising prices. What began as mourning gradually evolved into a patriotic democratic movement led by university students. As events unfolded, matters became increasingly tangled and emotionally charged; the students themselves may not have fully grasped every implication of what lay ahead. Yet their patriotism should not be dismissed.
In the weeks between Hu's death and 4 June, opportunities for a peaceful resolution repeatedly surfaced, only to slip away one by one. The eventual bloodshed carved a deep scar across China's long march towards national revival.
In the aftermath of June Fourth, many abroad doubted China's trajectory. Yet the authorities answered scepticism with action, holding fast to reform and opening. Over the past three decades, the country's rise has been hard to ignore. China has become the world's second-largest economy, while its overall strength has continued to grow. The leadership has also absorbed the hard lesson that corruption can bring down both party and state. In the past decade, anti-corruption campaigns have been pursued with notable force.
Internationally, while some overseas politicians hostile to China still reach for ideological cudgels, a growing number of Western leaders have opted to put aside ideological differences in favour of engagement with China. That shift has become especially pronounced since Donald Trump's return to the presidency.
Where once the United States claimed the moral high ground, championing a rules-based order, under Donald Trump those rules have too often been bent or broken, in a blunt creed of "obey and thrive; defy and perish", applied at home and abroad alike. By contrast, China has placed greater emphasis on upholding the authority of the United Nations, promoting international co-operation and resolving disputes by peaceful means. A recent Gallup survey suggests global approval of US leadership has slipped, allowing China to pull ahead. Yet the thorn of June Fourth remains embedded, unresolved, and still to be drawn.
With hindsight, the tragedy was not inevitable. Within the leadership at the time, there were clear divisions over how the crowds in the square should be understood and handled. In recent years, officials have repeatedly insisted that the events of 1989 were "long since settled". Yet history tells a more complicated story. The official characterisation shifted from "counter-revolutionary turmoil" to "political disturbance", hardly a line set in stone. Those who took to the streets did so, by and large, out of conviction and concern for their country. That patriotic impulse deserves recognition, not erasure.
撫平歷史傷痛 大步民族復興
今天是六四事件37周年。當年北京大批民眾和學生自發前往天安門廣場,大多數民眾都是出於一片丹心,希望國家進步,事件流血收場叫人悲痛。過去數十載,無論國家還是世界都出現了翻天覆地變化,國家發展取得可觀成就,更在國際舞台上發揮着舉足輕重角色,然而六四事件所留下的歷史傷痛,仍然需要撫平。
1989年4月15日,胡耀邦逝世。大批北京市民自發前往天安門廣場,悼念這位思想開明、兩袖清風的原中共總書記,同時表達對官倒貪腐及物價上漲的不滿,其後逐步演變成一場由大學生牽頭的愛國民主運動。雖然往後事態發展愈益複雜,學生們對很多問題未必想得很透徹,但不應否定他們的愛國情懷。
由胡耀邦逝世到6月4日,這一個多月間,不乏和平解決事件契機,可惜一一錯過,最終以流血告終,在民族復興之路上,留下了一道深刻的傷疤。
六四事件後,外界對中國發展前路一度抱有懷疑,然而當局以行動證明,改革開放堅定不移。過去30多年,國家發展令世人刮目相看,不僅成為全球第二大經濟體,綜合國力也在不斷提升。權力當局亦深明「腐敗可以亡黨亡國」的教訓,過去10多年反腐打貪,更屬雷厲風行。
外部環境方面,儘管境外一些反華政客至今仍熱中操作意識形態議題,然而更多西方國家領袖選擇放下意識形態分歧,尋求與中國合作。這一趨勢在美國總統特朗普上台後尤其明顯。
以往美國自居道德高地,愛談規則為本國際秩序,現在特朗普帶頭破壞國際規則,無論對內對外都大搞「順我者昌,逆我者亡」的一套,反而是中國更強調維護聯合國權威,倡導國際合作、和平解決爭端。據蓋洛普早前公布的調查,美國領導力的全球認可度反被中國領先。然而,六四事件這根刺,仍要好好拔除。
回看當年,六四事件並非無可避免的悲劇,當時權力當局內部對於如何看待及處理廣場上的民眾,明顯存在路線和意見分歧。雖然官方近年一再重申,對當年發生的事情「早有定論」,惟回顧歷史,權力當局對事件的定性,由早期「反革命暴亂」到後來的「政治風波」,並非完全一成不變,民眾當年走上街頭,都是出於一片丹心,他們的愛國情懷,應該獲得肯定。