軍隊買官賣官 戰力可以倚賴？

<轉載自2015年8月4日 明報 社評>

原中央軍委副主席郭伯雄涉及「違紀違法」，被中共中央開除黨籍，並移送司法起訴。郭伯雄是名實相副的「軍老虎」，曾經權傾一時，此番落馬，按軍報文章所言，他的名字被釘在歷史的恥辱柱上，也反映此乃中共十八大之後，習近平向貪腐宣戰的其中一次重要勝利。郭伯雄落馬之後，《人民日報》評論員文章聲言查處腐敗，不會「適可而止」，然則，繼薄熙來、徐才厚、周永康、令計劃、郭伯雄之後，會否還有老虎落馬，下一頭大老虎是誰，已經成為國人的懸念。

郭伯雄徐才厚相繼落馬 解放軍歷10年腐敗歲月

郭伯雄「出事」，在各方信息渠道已經喧傳一段時間，中共中央去月底對他正式處理，在時間節點上有一定意義。首先，在「8．1」建軍節前夕宣布查處郭伯雄，客觀上起到「誅一惡則衆惡懼」的效果，除了說明懲治貪腐絕不姑息、絕不手軟，也反映習近平充分掌握軍隊的實質；其次，此一舉措為正在召開的北戴河會議做鋪墊，今年的會議，傳聞包括商討「十九大」的人事安排，習近平藉整治郭伯雄立威，可使他在人事安排上有更大話語權。

不過，此際公布查處郭伯雄，無論操作上是否涉及其他考慮，他的落馬，本來就意義重大。郭伯雄與已經病故的徐才厚，都是中共中央軍委主席胡錦濤之下，同一時期掌握軍務大權的兩名軍委副主席，兩人相繼涉貪受查，這在中共和解放軍歷史上，歷來僅見。今年3月，徐才厚患癌病逝世之後，坊間曾猜度郭伯雄涉及的案件不會公開審訊，甚或不會公開處理，以免出現兩名軍委副主席都涉及貪腐，而使中共尷尬的局面。郭伯雄與徐才厚在軍委會，被認為架空了胡錦濤，分別操持軍務，兩人在軍中關係盤根錯節，習近平對他們的查處，不能不考慮到可能引起的反彈，現在仍未知道審訊形式和公開程度，但是中共中央不避郭伯雄的案件公之於世，一定程度上反映對掌控局勢的信心。

根據新華社的報道，郭伯雄利用職務便利，為他人謀取職務晉升等方面利益，直接或通過家人收取賄賂。這樣的描述，實際上就是賣官。徐才厚涉及的罪行，同樣包括受賄賣官。據坊間傳聞，軍中賣官明碼實價，少將500萬至1000萬元人民幣，中將1000萬至3000萬元人民幣等，此外還有價高者得競逐，曾有軍區少將為晉升中將，行賄1000萬元，上級已經點頭，不料另有少將給付2000萬元爭奪同一位置，最後出價高者得之。這種買官賣官行徑，使人對解放軍的質素和戰力，憂心不已。

軍中將領職位可以金錢授受得之，則將領質素與專業要求，能否帶領軍隊，戰爭之時能否禦敵，保境衛民，就成為疑問。買官賣官肯定形成惡性循環，買賣行徑不會止於將級職位，花巨資當上司令、軍長的人，心思一定是想辦法「賺回」那些錢，甚或尋求可觀回報，於是另一層次的買官賣官就開展，這樣一層、一層賣下去，則這支軍隊的領導和管理實况，不敢想像。另外，軍隊裝備建設和武器採購，都要經過郭、徐二人審批，則解放軍是否有，或有多少豆腐渣式武器裝備？同樣不敢想像。

十八大之後，習近平要求解放軍能召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝，民衆無法判斷解放軍的狀况，是否做得到這些要求，只是從傳聞片片段段中，約莫知道郭伯雄、徐才厚主政之時的解放軍，腐敗嚴重；另外，間或有傳聞指有軍官為了金錢，向外國出賣軍隊機密情報。若一支軍隊的將領、中層骨幹都向錢看，何來可戰之將？若還加上豆腐渣裝備，則若國家遭遇危難，要反擊外敵之時，則這支軍隊的戰鬥力，可以倚賴嗎？這些問題，民衆不知道答案。晚清貪腐嚴重，北洋水師被日本海軍擊潰，成為國人沒齒難忘的甲午之戰屈辱，中國人民解放軍經約10年的腐敗折騰，這支軍隊能戰嗎？這是國人的懸念。

軍隊刮骨療傷 徹底清除隱患

郭伯雄與徐才厚把持軍務期間，究竟有多少現職將領和中層幹部與買官賣官有關，外界無從知曉，只能以時日漫長，推斷涉及層面既深且廣，現在只能寄望經過大力整治，刮骨療傷之後，使解放軍清除腐敗日子的影響，重新成為可以倚賴的堂堂雄師。當年，郭伯雄與徐才厚的角色，按中國軍隊的潛規則，相信只是幕前人物，幕後應該還有操持者，若查處腐敗不搞「適可而止」，真箇說到做到，則期望中共中央懲治腐敗的堅強意志，在這裏顯現出來，向13億人民，向聽黨話、守規矩的廣大黨員幹部，交出再明白不過的民心帳、政治帳的帳簿。

Can PLA fight?

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has decided that former Central Military Commission (CMC) vice chairman Guo Boxiong (suspected of "illegalities and irregularities") be expelled from the party and handed over to the judiciary. Once mightily powerful, Guo was a "tiger in the military" worthy of the name. His downfall is one of the major victories Xi Jinping has won since he began to war against corruption in the wake of the 18th National Congress of the CPC.

It is said that Guo and Xu Caihou made Hu Jintao a mere figurehead of the CMC. The two men, who controlled the People's Liberation Army (PLA) between them, were at the centre of an entangled web of interests. In having them investigated and punished, Xi could not have failed to take into account what might ensue. It is not yet known how openly or in what way Guo will be tried. Nevertheless, the CPC Central Committee did not hesitate to bring his case to light. This is to a certain extent proof that it is confident that it can keep the situation under control.

A Xinhua story says Guo has by virtue of his office helped others to get promoted in return for bribes he has received himself or through his family. This description actually means he has sold ranks and titles.

When top military offices can be bought with money, it is doubtful that military officers are competent or professional, and one may wonder whether they can direct their men and, if a war breaks out, whether they can repel the enemy, defend the country and protect the people. When military offices are bought and sold, a vicious circle will set in. Not only top posts can be purchased. A person who has paid big money for his commandership will certainly find ways to "recoup" his investment and even seek good returns on it. Offices of another rank will then be on offer. Such activities will move down the ladder. None dares to imagine how the PLA is actually run or led. Furthermore, as it rested with Guo and Xu to approve armament procurement, none dares to imagine whether or to what extent the PLA is equipped with tofu-dreg weapons.

In the wake of the 18th CPC National Congress, Xi asked that the PLA should "come as soon as it is called, be able to fight after it has come and be able to achieve victory whenever it fights". There is no way ordinary people can judge whether the PLA can meet these requirements. They only vaguely know from what has transpired that the PLA was mightily corrupt when Guo and Xu were in charge. Rumour has it that some PLA officers have provided foreign countries with military secrets in return for money. If all high- and mid-ranking military officers put money first, will there be competent commanders? If an army is equipped with tofu-dreg weapons and its commanders are corrupt, can its combat effectiveness be relied upon when the country is in danger and it is necessary to fight against its enemy? Ordinary people have no answers to such questions. Corruption was rampant in late Qing. In the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Fleet was routed by the Japanese. Chinese people can never forget the humiliation. The PLA has been badly harmed with corruption for about a decade. Can it fight? This is what Chinese people wonder about.

軍隊買官賣官 戰力可以倚賴？

原中央軍委副主席郭伯雄涉及「違紀違法」，被中共中央開除黨籍，並移送司法起訴。郭伯雄是名實相副的「軍老虎」，曾經權傾一時，此番落馬，乃中共十八大之後，習近平向貪腐宣戰的其中一次重要勝利。

郭伯雄與徐才厚在軍委會，被認為架空了胡錦濤，分別操持軍務，兩人在軍中關係盤根錯節，習近平對他們的查處，不能不考慮到可能引起的反彈，現在仍未知道審訊形式和公開程度，但是中共中央不避郭伯雄的案件公之於世，一定程度上反映對掌控局勢的信心。

根據新華社的報道，郭伯雄利用職務便利，為他人謀取職務晉升，直接或通過家人收取賄賂。這樣的描述，實際上就是賣官。

軍中將領職位可以金錢授受得之，則將領質素與專業要求，能否帶領軍隊，戰爭之時能否禦敵，保境衛民，就成為疑問。買官賣官肯定形成惡性循環，買賣行徑不會止於將級職位，花巨資當上司令、軍長的人，心思一定是想辦法「賺回」那些錢，甚或尋求可觀回報，於是另一層次的買官賣官就開展，這樣一層、一層賣下去，則這支軍隊的領導和管理實况，不敢想像。另外，軍隊裝備建設和武器採購，都要經過郭、徐二人審批，則解放軍是否有，或有多少豆腐渣式武器裝備？同樣不敢想像。

十八大之後，習近平要求解放軍能召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝，民衆無法判斷解放軍是否做得到這些要求，只是從傳聞片片段段中，約莫知道郭伯雄、徐才厚主政之時的解放軍，腐敗嚴重；另外，間或有傳聞指有軍官為了金錢，向外國出賣軍隊機密情報。若一支軍隊的將領、中層骨幹都向錢看，何來可戰之將？若還加上豆腐渣裝備，則若國家遭遇危難，要反擊外敵之時，則這支軍隊的戰鬥力，可以倚賴嗎？這些問題，民衆不知道答案。晚清貪腐嚴重，北洋水師被日本海軍擊潰，成為國人沒齒難忘的甲午之戰屈辱，中國人民解放軍經約10年的腐敗折騰，這支軍隊能戰嗎？這是國人的懸念。