2010年9月16日 星期四

官方保釣不力 民間保釣受壓 神聖領土怎麼辦?

<轉載自2010916 明報社評>

釣魚島海域撞船風波,迄今所見,擁有公權力的兩岸政府,就捍衛釣魚島主權,縱使有心,但顯得無力,而民間的保釣行動,兩岸政府都有不同程度打壓;而在接近40年的炎黃子孫保釣歷程中,唯一曾經有人為此犧牲性命的香港(1996年陳毓祥在釣魚島海域游泳宣示主權時溺斃),特區政府對於準備出海的「釣魚台二號」,已經多番「關顧」,包括食環署以接到船上有老鼠的投訴為由,要派員登船調查。本港保釣人士擔心,這是特區政府再一次阻撓「釣魚台二號」到釣魚島海域宣示主權的序幕。

這次釣魚島風波發生之後,原本來自大陸、香港、澳門和台灣兩岸四地保釣團體代表,在台灣台北縣召開「保釣論壇」,但是大陸保釣人士被大陸當局禁足,未能赴台與會。大陸保釣人士雖然要到福建廈門乘船出海,與從台灣出海的台港保釣人士分途出發,準備在釣魚島海域會師宣示主權,不過,大陸保釣人士被阻撓,只能在廈門海灘露營,展示保釣橫額。台灣方面,則不准本港保釣人士乘船出海,最終只有兩名台灣保釣人士乘坐漁船出發到釣魚島海域。

台灣保釣人士在行動過程中,雖然有11艘台灣海巡署船隻尾隨,但是在釣魚島海域遇到11艘日本海上保安廳艦隻強力攔截,包圍保釣漁船,海巡署船隻被隔在外圍,雖然以廣播回應海上保安廳船隻的阻截,但是缺乏對抗意志,保釣漁船勢孤力弱,無力衝破海上保安廳的船陣,雙方對峙5小時後,保釣漁船只得回航。

其後,台灣外交部雖然對日方干擾台灣漁船表達「嚴正抗議」,與大陸當局連保釣人士也不讓出海比較,台灣當局總算做多了一點,但是台灣海巡署船隻在日本海上保安廳艦隻面前所表現出的「忍讓」,已經算盡力捍衛了領土和主權?當年的保釣悍將馬英九,現在貴為台灣總統,若他認為台灣這樣就可以捍衛釣魚島主權,未免使人失望了。

「釣魚台二號」準備出海 食環署突然要登船查鼠患

香港在保釣的角色,基於並非國家和政治實體,無資格對日本提出嚴正交涉,實際上,雖然香港的保釣也是「官冷民熱」,不過,市民對於保釣的熱情和投入程度,比照大陸保釣人士被打壓,香港的角色,不無禮失求諸野的實質。但是港人保釣的行動自由,去年開始被特區政府箝制了。

去年5月,保釣人士擬乘搭「釣魚台二號」到釣魚島宣示主權,但是特區政府一改以往的放行做法,出動海事處和警方,以違反牌照規定、消防設施不足等諸般藉口留難、查扣和強制攔截,使這次保釣行動夭折。當時,保釣人士透露中聯辦官員寧可資助他們赴台灣出海,可見特區政府罔顧維護「一國兩制」的責任,屈從中央當局的無理要求,回歸以來,首次限制港人行動自由,配合中央當局侵蝕港人的基本權利。

內地遏制民間保釣、台灣當局只讓保釣走過場,本港保釣人士將有什麼行動,備受關注。鑑於去年的教訓,今次本港保釣人士原本意圖秘密行事,事前不公布行程,待出了公海後才宣布,但是保釣人士的蠢蠢欲動,又怎能躲得過特區政府的耳目?據保釣人士透露,近日,食環署聯絡他們,表示收到投訴說「釣魚台二號」有老鼠,食環署與他們約好時間,派員上船調查。此時此刻,食環署這個舉措,按去年的經驗,保釣人士解讀為特區政府阻撓他們出海的序幕,完全合理和有根據。

除了食環署,據透露,海事處和警方連日來,也曾經查詢「釣魚台二號」何時出海。特區政府3個部門突然關顧「釣魚台二號」,以所知情,暫時不能確定特區政府又出手阻撓保釣,但是以去年的經驗,不會有人相信「關顧」之目的是協助「釣魚台二號」出海保釣。事態如何發展,相信日內會明朗化。

日藉「依法辦事」保尖閣 港以「依法辦事」壓保釣

保衛釣魚島主權屬於大是大非的事,當局無理由阻撓港人自發行動。這次日本藉撞船事件,首次以國內法處理中國漁船及船長,中國政府雖然多番強硬要求放人,日本仍然我行我素,以完成司法程序為由,堅持不釋放船長詹其隆,中國政府以外交途徑解決此事並捍衛釣魚島主權的努力,嚴格而言已經失敗。中國政府有什麼後續行動,尚待觀察,但是中國民在此事上所感受到的屈辱,日益強烈,這股民氣猶如在壓力煲內,需要宣泄,否則後果堪虞。我們認為,中央當局不但不應該透過特區政府阻撓港人的保釣行動,反而應該讓內地民公開表達對日本恣意妄為的憤慨。

至於特區政府,應該向中央當局陳以利害,爭取中央當局放棄打壓港人保釣。在憲制上,本港實施一國兩制,行動自由示威自由是港人的基本權利,特區政府和特首曾蔭權有責任維護港人的權益,若放棄責任,反而以「依法辦事」之名阻撓港人保釣,這是有虧職守,不會得到港人諒解和支持。

這次釣魚島風波,日本圍繞所謂法律、司法做文章,但是他們的「依法辦事」,卻起到實質上「保衛尖閣諸島主權」的效果;反之,大陸當局根本不講什麼法律,只是赤裸裸地打壓保釣人士出海。在香港,去年特區政府「依法辦事」阻撓「釣魚台二號」出海,這一次,特區政府設若再重施故技,即使遏制成功,則整體中國人口口聲聲保衛釣魚島主權,但是所表現的窩囊,日本人看在眼裏會心中竊笑。「依法辦事」於釣魚島主權爭奪中,在日本和中國(包括兩岸四地)竟然起到絕然不同效果,實在是咄咄怪事。

China's sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands

The Diaoyu waters saw Japan Coast Guard vessels collide with a Chinese trawler. Neither Beijing nor Taipei has seemed capable of defending China's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands, though they may want to do so. And both have to different degrees thwarted Chinese people's baodiao (safeguarding the Diaoyus) activities.

Not being a political entity, Hong Kong is not in a position to make representations to Japan, but Hong Kong citizens are enthusiastic about and committed to baodiao. However, the SAR government has restricted their baodiao freedom since last year.

In view of what happened last year, Hong Kong baodiao activists intended to keep their plan secret. They decided not to bring it out into the open until they were on the high seas. But how can they ever escape the SAR government's notice? According to some activists, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) contacted them the other day, saying it had received a complaint about rats on Baodiao II. It wanted to agree with them on the time when its officers should inspect the vessel. Because of what happened last year, the baodiao activists have reasonable grounds for suspecting the move the FEHD has just made to be a prelude to the SAR government's attempt to prevent them from sailing to the Diaoyus.

Not only has the FEHD contacted the baodiao activists. We gather that, over the past few days, the police and the Marine Department have tried to find out when Baodiao II will set out. Three government departments have suddenly tried to "look after" the boat. As yet there is no conclusive evidence that the SAR government will again try to thwart Hong Kong citizen's baodiao activities. However, it did such things last year that none would believe it has "looked after" the vessel with the intention of helping it to set out smoothly. We think it will be clear in a few days how the affair will unfold.

Chinese people ought to safeguard China's sovereignty over the Diaoyus. This is a principle of cardinal importance. There is no reason why the authorities should thwart citizens' spontaneous baodiao activities. Japan has for the first time tried to deal with the captain of a Chinese vessel under its domestic law. Though China has repeatedly demanded in strong terms that Captain Zhan Qixiong be released, Japan just sticks to its own way. It refuses to free him on the grounds that the judicial proceedings involved have to be completed. Strictly speaking, Beijing's attempt to settle the trawler dispute and safeguard China's sovereignty over the Diaoyus through diplomatic channels has failed. It remains to be seen what it will do next. However, Chinese people feel more and more intensely they have been humiliated in the affair. The sentiment is pent-up like steam in a pressure cooker. Unless it is vented, we will see very worrying consequences. In our view, the central government should not have attempted to thwart Hong Kong citizens' activities through the agency of the SAR government, and it should have allowed mainlanders freely to express their indignation at Japan's wilful acts.

The SAR government should tell Beijing what may be consequent on such an attempt and dissuade it from obstructing Hong Kong people's baodiao activities. Under the "one country, two systems" principle, the SAR's system is different from the mainland's though it is part of China. Hong Kong people enjoy under the Basic Law fundamental freedoms including that of travel, of movement and of assembly. It is incumbent on the Tsang administration to safeguard Hong Kong people's rights and freedoms. It will be derelict in its duty if it thwarts their baodiao activities in the name of the law. No Hong Kong people would understand or support such behaviour.

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